The article considers one of the key problems that arise in the development and justification of the ecological and economic efficiency of investment projects in the field of agricultural land reclamation, the problem of optimizing the reclamation regime of agricultural landscapes.Based on the results of research in this area, the shortcomings of existing approaches to the justification of reclamation regimes have been identified, the essence of which is the lack of mechanisms for taking into account changes in the system of indicators of the reclamation regime in the process of implementing a set of reclamation measures and assessing the environmental and economic effects and damages from land reclamation. Based on the analysis and generalization of scientific literature materials and research conducted by the authors on this issue, proposals have been developed and substantiated for the development of methodological approaches to optimizing the reclamation regimes of reclaimed lands, consisting in the development of: additional requirements characterizing the ecological state of components of agricultural landscapes and the natural environment as a whole; a system of models that allows describing the interaction of components of biological and geological cycles, to identify changes in the indicators of the reclamation regime and to assess the socio-economic results, ecological and economic effects and damages in the implementation of complex reclamation, ensuring the optimal reclamation regime of agricultural landscapes, environmental and food security of Russia. The proposed approach was tested on the example of the forest-steppe natural and climatic zone of the Central Federal District in substantiating the effectiveness of a complex of reclamation measures that ensure the optimal reclamation regime of the agricultural landscape. The research results can be used in the development of reclamation investment projects.