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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">environment</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Природообустройство</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prirodoobustrojstvo</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1997-6011</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РГАУ-МСХА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26897/1997-6011-2025-5-117-125</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">environment-871</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИДРАВЛИКА И ИНЖЕНЕРНАЯ ГИДРОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYDRAULICS AND ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка потенциала применения свободнопоточных гидротурбин в Китае: гидрологический и экологический анализ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comprehensive assessment of the potential of free-flow hydro turbines in China based on hydrological and environmental indicators</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фан</surname><given-names>Ли</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fan</surname><given-names>Li</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фан Ли, аспирант</p><p>127434, г. Москва, Тимирязевская ул., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fan Li, postgraduate student</p><p>Timiryazevskaya, 49, Moscow, 127434</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">985953684@qq.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2852-7210</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фартуков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fartukov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Василий Александрович Фартуков, канд. техн. наук, доцент</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 5749450840</p><p>Author ID: 1002745</p><p>127434, г. Москва, Тимирязевская ул., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasily A. Fartukov, СSs Ph.D. (Eng.), Associate Professor</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 5749450840</p><p>AuthorID:1002745</p><p>Timiryazevskaya, 49, Moscow, 127434</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasfar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8703-5684</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадысева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadyseva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Александровна Кадысева, док. биол. наук, доцент</p><p>Author ID: 698088</p><p>127434, г. Москва, Тимирязевская ул., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Kadyseva, DSs (Bio), Associate Professor</p><p>Author ID: 698088</p><p>Timiryazevskaya, 49, Moscow, 127434</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kadyseva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>125</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фан Л., Фартуков В.А., Кадысева А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фан Л., Фартуков В.А., Кадысева А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fan L., Fartukov V.A., Kadyseva A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://environment.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/871">https://environment.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/871</self-uri><abstract><p>В условиях глобального перехода к возобновляемой энергетике свободнопоточные гидротурбины (СПГ) представляют особый интерес как экологически безопасная альтернатива традиционным плотинным ГЭС. Их применение особенно актуально для Китая, обладающего значительным, но географически неравномерно распределенным гидропотенциалом. Цель исследований – оценка потенциала применения СПГ в различных регионах Китая на основе комплексного учета гидрологических и экологических факторов. На основе данных 58 гидропостов за период 2010-2023 гг. рассчитаны индекс гидрологической стабильности (Iг) и коэффициент экологического воздействия (Kэ). Разработан интегральный показатель пригодности (P), позволяющий количественно оценить компромисс между энергоэффективностью и экологическими рисками. Установлено, что наиболее благоприятными регионами для внедрения СПГ являются Чжэцзян (P = 0.67) и Гуандун (P = 0.51), тогда как в Юньнани и Сычуани применение технологий требует дополнительных ограничений и адаптационных мер. Даны рекомендации по выбору типов турбин и мощности с учетом региональной специфики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the context of the global transition to renewable energy, free-flow hydro turbines (FFHTs) are of particular interest as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional dam-based hydroelectric power plants. Their application is particularly relevant for China, which has significant, but geographically unevenly distributed hydroelectric potential. The objective of the study is to assess the potential for FFHT application in various regions of China based on a comprehensive consideration of hydrological and environmental factors. Using data from 58 hydro posts for the period 2010-2023, the hydrological stability index (Ig) and the environmental impact coefficient (Ke) were calculated. An integral suitability index (P) was developed, allowing for a quantitative assessment of the trade-off between energy efficiency and environmental risks. It was found that the most favorable regions for FFHT implementation are Zhejiang (P=0.67) and Guangdong (P=0.51), while in Yunnan and Sichuan the application of technologies requires additional restrictions and adaptation measures. Recommendations are provided for the selection of turbine types and capacity, taking into account regional specifics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>свободнопоточные гидротурбины</kwd><kwd>индекс гидрологической стабильности</kwd><kwd>коэффициент экологического воздействия</kwd><kwd>интегральная оценка пригодности</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>возобновляемые источники энергии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>free-flow hydro turbines</kwd><kwd>hydrological stability index</kwd><kwd>environmental impact coefficient</kwd><kwd>integrated suitability assessment</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>renewable energy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках проекта по созданию и развитию инжинирингового центра РГАУ-МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева (соглашение № 075-15-2025-543 от 16 июня 2025 года)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out as part of the project to create and develop the engineering center of the Russian State Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev (Agreement No. 075-15-2025-543 dated June 16, 2025)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бернштейн Л.Б. Малая гидроэнергетика: современное состояние и перспективы. М.: Энергоатомиздат, 2010. 256 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernstein L.B. Small hydropower: current status and prospects. – Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 2010. 256 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ковалёв Н.Н. Гидротурбины для малых рек. 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