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Application of the drip irrigation system for cultivation of potatoes in the Moscow region

https://doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-3-47-54

Abstract

The article analyzes the indicators of the gross harvest of potatoes in the Moscow region in recent years. It has been proven that an increase in acreage does not always lead to an increase in gross harvest. It is equally important to provide comfortable conditions for the growth and development of plants. Precipitation in the Moscow region in the spring and summer period falls extremely unevenly: days with heavy rains forming a layer of precipitation of tens of millimeters alternate with non-precipitating days and weeks. The necessity of additional irrigation to create an optimal water - air balance for the development of plants is substantiated and the advantages of using drip irrigation for these purpose which allows the delivery of irrigation water directly to the root zone of the plant are estimated. It is recommended to combine operations on the formation of potato ridges with the laying of a drip tape since in the initial period of development the plant has enough moisture reserves of the mother tuber and additional watering is not required. The design of the drip tape stacker based on the Grimme GF-75/4 ridge former has been developed to increase the degree of mechanization when laying the drip tape. At a working speed of 3.2...5.5 km/h the productivity of the machine was 0.51.0.97 ha/h. In the course of further research the irrigation rate was calculated taking into account the elliptical shape of the humidification contour which made it possible to exclude excessive watering. After the installation of the drip irrigation system, irrigation was carried out at a constant rate when the moisture capacity reached 70% of the uultimate field moisture capacity with the adjustment of the time between irrigations. The use of the drip irrigation system made it possible to increase the yield of potatoes of the varieties Red Scarlett and Zhukovsky Early by 26.5% ... 28%, respectively.

About the Authors

V. I. Balabanov
Russian state agrarian university - MAA named after C.A. Timiryazev
Russian Federation


N. B. Martynova
Russian state agrarian university - MAA named after C.A. Timiryazev
Russian Federation


K. A. Abdulmazhidov
Russian state agrarian university - MAA named after C.A. Timiryazev
Russian Federation


A. A. Makarov
Russian state agrarian university - MAA named after C.A. Timiryazev
Russian Federation


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Review

For citations:


Balabanov V.I., Martynova N.B., Abdulmazhidov K.A., Makarov A.A. Application of the drip irrigation system for cultivation of potatoes in the Moscow region. Prirodoobustrojstvo. 2021;(3):47-54. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-3-47-54

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ISSN 1997-6011 (Print)