The Current State and Problems of Canal Exploitation in the Reclamation Systems of the Russian Federation

Objective research – to assess the current state and identify problems in the operation of irrigation system canals in the Russian Federation, as well as to analyze the factors affecting the decrease in the technical efficiency of irrigation systems. Materials and methods. The materials used were the results of the analysis of studies conducted by Russian scientists on the rational use of water resources in the agricultural sector of the country, statistical data from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation, industry statistics, materials from the State Report «On the State and Use of Water Resources in the Russian Federation», information on the number of facilities at the FSBSI «Russian Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems» and data from the Internet portal of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «All-Russian Research Institute of «Raduga». Classical methods were used to calculate hydraulic and filtration parameters. The determination of the coefficient of efficiency was performed in accordance with the recommendations of SP 100.13330.2016. Results and discussion. The study shows a significant decrease in water consumption for irrigation purposes (which is 3-4 times lower than in 1970-1985). It was found that approximately 42% of the canals in the irrigation systems are in good condition, 25% of the structures do not have monitoring data, and 87% of the canals are made of earth. The average efficiency value for the vast majority of canals is 0.66, and water losses due to filtration reach 40%. Conclusions. The technical condition of the vast majority of canals is actually assessed as «critical». The main problems are the unsatisfactory technical condition of hydraulic structures and the open network. To ensure sustainable development of irrigated agriculture and increase the area under irrigation, a comprehensive approach is required, including the reconstruction of hydraulic structures and improving the efficiency to the required standards.

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