PRECISE LAND RECLAMATION AS A MEANS OF PRESERVING SOIL FERTILITY

Abstract

The purpose of the work is to assess the probabilities of the need for irrigation, taking into account the requirements of plants and soils for different agro hydrological areas of the Samara region, in which five agro hydrological areas are allocated. The issues of substantiation of irrigation taking into account both the requirements of plants and soils in the conditions of heterogeneity of the distribution of moisture reserves in the soil at the macro level (in agro hydrological areas) are considered. This allows you to choose the most favorable conditions for growing plants and preserving soil fertility, allows you to reflect the requirements of the soil biota community. Soil requirements (optimal moisture reserves for soil formation) are proposed to be defined as the most probable in specific natural and climatic conditions, which makes it possible to reflect the requirements of the soil biota community, since it is difficult to use the indicator type of soil organisms. Calculations are carried out on the example of a moisture-loving plant (cabbage) and a cereal grass mixture little demanding for water. The requirements of plants to soil moisture reserves represent the function of dependence of their productivity on moisture reserves in a layer 0... 50 cm. Soil requirements are determined using the space-time function of the distribution of moisture reserves in the conditions of natural vegetation (grass). The need for hydro-reclamation measures is determined by comparing the requirements of plants and environmental conditions. The probability of the need to irrigate a moisture-loving crop in different agro hydrological areas is 18%, for crops that are not demanding water - 12%. At the same time, soil formation conditions improve up to 60%.