Multifunctional two-tier drainage and humidifi cation system

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to reduce the period between the snow melt and the readiness of the soil for cultivation on weakly sloped lands with characteristic seasonal freezing and the formation of temporary aquifers in the form of perched water in early spring, as well as to ensure the required water-air regime of the soil at different time of crops cultivation. The object of the study is horizontal closed drainage systems. A multifunctional two-tier drainage and humidification system is proposed, the drains of which are connected to closed collectors of the lower and upper tiers, respectively. In the mouth zone, the collector of the upper tier is connected to the collector of the lower tier and a hydraulic valve is installed above the point of their connection in the collector of the lower tier. The operation of the system in the drainage mode occurs in two stages. At the first stage, the upper tier works, ensuring the removal of excess water from the thawed topsoil layer in early spring. At the second stage, after complete seasonal thawing, in addition to the drains of the first tier, the drains of the lower tier are included in the work. Joint work in the drainage mode of the upper and lower tiers ensures the required humidity of the topsoil layer and maintains the groundwater level at a level corresponding to the drainage rate. In the dry period, water from the canal, entering the mouth of the collector system, with the help of a hydraulic valve, blocks the collector of the lower tier and continues to fill the upper tier system, supplying water to the root layer of the soil.