Preservation and restoration of productivity of disturbed gold mining lands using an innovative approach

The    article    summarizes   the    long-term   experience    of   research    conducted on the development of nature-like technologies on toxic technogenic formations of placer gold mining using a comprehensive assessment of the state  of environmental objects and  an innovative approach. A large amount of waste from the processing of gold deposits located in productive areas withdrawn from the forest lands fund has a negative impact on the components of the ecosphere. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to create a nature-like technology that allows preserving and restoring the productivity of disturbed gold mining lands to ensure their environmental safety. The object of the study was a technogenic system  within the boundaries of the influence of the ceased to exist mining enterprise “Kerbinsky mine” of the P. Osipenko district (P. Briakan) of the Khabarovsk Territory. The research  uses generally accepted  methods, as well as remote sensing  of the Earth (remote sensing), GIS  technologies and  mathematical apparatus. Remote sensing made it possible to identify disturbed territories on various geo-substrates, on multispectral combined images and NDVI index image. Using the QGIS program, an analysis of the dynamics of the transformation of disturbed lands was carried out and their area was calculated. It has been established that  toxic waste from  the enrichment of gold deposits  of the second  hazard class  is a source of pollution of the habitat. Pollutants, migrating from  the  waste  of processing  into  the  components of the  biosphere,  lead  to their large-scale technogenic pollution. Thus, the upper horizon  of technogenic soils accumulates the maximum amount of toxic  elements (mg/kg):  Cu  – 454,  Zn  – 1241,  Pb – 934,  which  is significantly higher  than the background values from 3 to 9 or more times. The calculations of the value of the vegetation index NDVI showed  that  the study area can be classified as highly toxic, belonging to the I category of environmental risks. The NDVI value in the technogenic territory ranged from 0.034 to 0.063, which indicates a weak degree of restoration of forest vegetation. Based on the analysis of the results  obtained, new technological solutions are proposed, confirmed by Patents of the Russian Federation.

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