Zones affected by mudflows of 1967 in the valley of the Baksan River (Central Caucasus)

The purpose of the work is to conduct research  to determine the maximum areas affected by mud flows in the Baksan River  valley  (Central Caucasus). The relevance of the work  lies in the fact that  the objects in the Baksan River  valley  have repeatedly been subjected to the destructive effects of mud flows, which in different years had  different parameters of the affected  areas. The object of the study is the 1967 mud flows caused by an abnormal amount of precipitation. The work uses satellite images of the Corona project before and  after the mud flows and  Sentinel-2 satellite images reflecting the current situation. Satellite images were georeferenced in ArcMap using control points. The boundaries of the mud flow sediment zones were drawn along the characteristic light phototone during the interactive comparison of satellite images. Special attention is paid  to the section of the Verkhny Baksan village, in which several houses were destroyed by mud flows that  descended along the left and right tributaries of the Kyrtyk River (the Dzhugurtau and Syltransu rivers). Mudflow masses were deposited on an area of 0.22 km2  on the outflow cone of the Kyrtyk River and in the floodplain of the Baksan River,  partially destroying the road on its right bank. The area of the debris deposit zone on the outflow cone of the Sagaevsky River and in the floodplain of the Baksan River was 0.18 km2. At the same time, the channel of the Baksan River  was pushed to the right slope of the valley  at a distance of up to 100 m. Subsequent mudflows along the Sagaevsky River did not reach the scale of 1967. It is concluded that  the identified boundaries of the zones affected by mudflows of 1967 can be considered maximum and they must be taken into account when designing objects and protective  structures.

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