SOME ASPECTS OF ORGANIZING THE PROTECTION OF FISH FROM GOING INTO WATER INTAKE FACILITIES

The results of laboratory studies of water intake structures of engineering-ecological type with devices that prevent fish from entering the water intake windows are presented. When they work in the water intake zone, optimal hydraulic conditions are created that contribute to the guaranteed fish diversion. Three versions of the protective device were studied: single heads of cylindrical and bull types, as well as a structure with a series of five bull-type heads installed obliquely in the direction of the flow. Studies of the influence of the hydraulic structure and hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow on the entry of fish into the water intake were carried out in a mirror tray with a change in the water intake in the range of 17.52 l/s. The experiments involved juveniles of different breeds with a size of 35.45 mm. The kinematics turned out to be partly expected: with an increase in water withdrawal, the degree of flow concentration increased. Experiments have shown that when installing a series of water intake heads, the possibility of fish getting into the zone of water intake windows increases compared with the installation of single heads. When placing single heads, the maximum negative velocities in the zone of the water intake window and the distance at which they are observed behind the bull head are significantly higher. As a result of the analysis of hydro biological studies, it was found that the capaability of fish to leave the zone of influence of water intake decreases sharply with an increase in the amount of water withdrawal (outcome III). With a single cylindrical head, the intensity of pressure pulsation is approximately by 18% greater than with a bull head. A series of water intake heads arranged obliquely in a checkered order has higher fish protection properties.

water intake, fish protection structure, head of the water intake structure, juvenile fish, water withdrawal, test outcome, flow structure

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