Environmental assessment of the effect of sedimentation on the pollution of reclaimed lands of the floodplain agricultural landscape with heavy metals

The purpose of the research was an environmental assessment of the impact of flood sedimentation on the arable alluvial soil of the floodplain during the spring flood of the river Oka. An experiment to study the supply of heavy metals and arsenic along with flood sediments to arable lands in the flooded part of the river floodplain Oka was carried out in 2023 on an area of 20 hectares located 2 km north of the border of Ryazan. The study of sediment load on the experimental site was carried out using sediment traps installed in advance on the soil surface, located at a distance of 0.45 km from each other. During the experiment, the level of the sediment load was established, the content of pollutants in flood sediments was studied in comparison with the underlying soil, the degree of contamination of sediments with heavy metals and arsenic was assessed and the structure of the flow of the studied chemical elements into the agricultural landscape with flood sediments was analyzed. Of the pollutants considered, cadmium is the most concentrated in flood sediments at the stationary observation site, followed by mercury, zinc, nickel, manganese, lead, and arsenic with a significant lag, and copper and chromium are concentrated less actively. The intake of gross forms of heavy metals was: manganese – 8793.4 g/ha; zinc – 1435.28 g/ha; chromium – 539 g/ha; nickel – 523.6 g/ha; copper – 280.28 g/ha; lead – 238.7 g/ha; cadmium – 112.42 g/ha; arsenic – 87.93 g/ha; mercury – 0.65 g/ha. The revealed tendency of contamination with heavy metals and arsenic in the process of sedimentogenes is on the territory of the floodplain agricultural landscape of the river Oka conditions the need to develop comprehensive preventive and rehabilitation measures that include a selective selection of crops that do not accumulate heavy metals, as well as the use of organomineral ameliorants. At the same time, it is recommended to conduct agroecological monitoring of the studied agricultural landscape based on studying the cycles of migration of heavy metals.

1. Borisochkina T.I., Kolchanova K.A. Geochemistry of heavy metals in soils of urban landscapes affected by metallurgical enterprises // Ecology and industry of Russia. 2021. No. 10. P. 50-56. DOI: 10.18412/1816-0395-2021-10-50-56.

2. Ilinskiy A., Vinogradov D., Politaeva N., Badenko V., Ilin I. Features ofthePhytoremediation by Agricultural Crops of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils // Agronomy. 2023. No. 13(1). DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13010127.

3. Ilinsky A.V., Selmen V.N., Selmen E.V., Karyakina S., Matyukhin M., Grebennikova V. Environmental substantiation of the use of soil based on sewage sludge from urban wastewater treatment plants in the landscaping of residential areas // In the collection: XV International Scientific Conference “INTERAGROMASH 2022”. 2023. Springer. 2023. P. 3027-3036.

4. Ilinskiy A.V., Selmen V.N., Selmen E.V. The use of soil based on sewage sludge from urban wastewater treatment plants in the greening of urban areas // Theoretical and Applied Ecology. 2022. No. 2. P. 191-197.

5. Silaev A.L., Chekin G.V., Smol’sky E.V. Distribution of microelements in soils ofthe floodplain landscape ofthe river. Unecha // Agrochemical Bulletin. 2021. No. 5. P. 12-17. DOI: 10.24412/1029-2551-2021-5-003.

6. Kałmykow-Piwińska A., Falkowska E. Morphodynamic conditions of heavy metal concentration in deposits of the Vistula River valley near Kępa Gostecka (central Poland) // Open Geosciences. 2020. No. 1. P. 1036-1051.

7. Pylenok P.I. The influence of sedimentation on the quality of alluvial soil in the floodplain ofthe Oka River // Agrophysics. 2020. No 4. P. 7-13.

8. Zakrutkin V.E. Reshetnyak V.N., Reshetnyak O.S. Assessment of the heavy metal pollution level of the river sediments in the east Donbass (Rostov region, Russia) // Water and Ecology. 2020. No. 3(83), P. 32-40. DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.3.32-40.

9. Zabashta A.V., Zabashta N.N., Lisovitskaya E.P. Accumulation of heavy metals in soils of foothill areas of the Krasnodar region // The Herald of Kazan State Agrarian University. 2019. No. 1(52), pp. 22-26. DOI: 10.12737/article_5ccedba6e0c8c9.68580698.

10. Kalimoldina L.M., Sultangazieva G.S., Suleimenova M.Sh. Contamination of soils with heavy metal in the urban area of Almaty // Soil Science and Agrochemistry. 2022. No. 3. P. 38-45. DOI: 10.51886/1999-740X_2022_3_38.

11. Novosel’tsev V. N., Besfamil’nyi I. B., Kizyaev B.M., Rainin V.E. Technogenic pollution of river ecosystems. The monograph. Moscow: Scientific world. 2002. 140 p.

12. Ilyinsky A.V., Evsenkin K.N., Pavlov A.A. Assessment of nutrient intake with sediments on arable lands of the floodplain agricultural landscape // Ecological systems and devices. 2024. No. 2. P. 24-31. – DOI 10.25791/esip.2.2024.1430.

13. Kireicheva L.V., Shevchenko V.A. The state of arable lands in the Non-Chernozem Zone ofthe Russian Federation and the main directions of increasing soil fertility // International Agricultural Journal. 2020. No. 2, P. 12-16. DOI: 10.24411/2587-6740-2020-12021.

14. Mikhailushkin P.V., Alieva A.R. Organic farming – direction of transition to a “green” economy in Russia // International Agricultural Journal. 2020. No. 2. P. 17-19. DOI: 10.24411/2587-6740-2020-12022.

15. Germanova S.E., Petukhov N.V., Sambros N.B., Piven’ E.A., Zinchenko A.V. Impact of anthropogenic factors onagricultural soils // International Agricultural Journal. 2023. No. 1. P. 39-42. DOI: 10.55186/25876740_2023_66_1_39.

16. Ilyinsky A.V., Kolomytsev N.V., Matveev A.V., Evsenkin K.N., Korzhenevsky B.I. New ways to increase the productivity of degraded reclaimed lands using information technologies: monograph. Moscow: All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering andLand Reclamation named after A.N. Kostyakova. 2022. 152 p.

17. Report on the state and environmental protection in Ryazan Oblast in 2020. Committee of Natural Resources of Ryazan Oblast. Ryazan. 2020. 148 p.

18. Report on the state and environmental protection in Ryazan Oblast in 2021. Committee of Natural Resources of Ryazan Oblast. Ryazan. 2021. 163 p.

19. Water level in the Oka (Ryazan) today. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://allrivers.info/gauge/oka-ryazan/waterlevel (Date of application 10/07/2023).

20. Information on the current (by February 20) and expected hydrometeorological conditions in the Ryazan region on the eve of the spring flood of 2023. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://meteo62.ru/press-relizy/:polovode-2022_220309 (Date of application 04/06/2023).

21. Mazhaisky Yu.A. Neutralization of contaminated soils: monograph. Ryazan: Meshchersky branch of GNU VNIIGiM of the Russian Agricultural Academy. 2008. 528 p.

22. Mazhaisky Yu.A. The distribution of heavy metals in the profile of soils of Ryazan oblast // Agrochemistry. 2002. No 8. P. 74-79.

23. Mazhaisky Yu.A. Guseva T.M. Monitoring of heavy metals in the ecosystem of a small river of the Oka basin // Theoretical and Applied Ecology. 2017. No 2. P. 54-59.

24. Sayet Yu.A., Revich B.A., Yanin E.P., Smirnova R.S., Basharkevich I.L., Onishchenko T.L., Pavlova L.N., Trefilova N.Ya., Achkasov A.I., Sargsyan S.Sh. Geochemistry of the environment. Moscow: Nedra. 1990. 335 p. ISBN 5-247-01127-9