The condition of the hanging birch stands (Betula pendula Roth) and features of accumulation and translocation of metals in the soil-plant system under conditions of man-made pollution (Sterlitamak industrial center, Republic of Bashkortostan)

The issues of the content of metals (Mn, Cd, Pb, Ni) in the soil cover, in the aboveground and underground organs of the hanging birch (Betula pendula Roth) in the conditions of polymetallic pollution of the Sterlitamak industrial center are discussed. It is noted that the high metal content in the soils under birch plantations has a slight effect on the vital condition of trees. In the conditions of the Sterlitamak industrial center (SIC), the vital condition of birch plantations was assessed as “healthy”. Based on the characteristics of the features of metal translocation, it is shown that birch roots are able to absorb a significant amount of metals from the soil. During the transition from roots to branches and leaves, there is a decrease in concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni. Localization of Cd, Pb and Ni is noted mainly in the roots and in smaller quantities in the branches and leaves of birch. According to the “biological absorption coefficient”, Cd, Ni, Pb are elements of the “average capture”. In conditions of pollution, an excess of metals inhibits the intake of Mn in plants. The biogeochemical activity of the absorption of elements in birch varies depending on the habitat conditions: the highest values are typical for birch in the conditional control zone. Birch trees as part of the sanitary protection plantings of the SIC accumulate man-made metals and successfully perform environmental protection functions to limit the spread of industrial pollutants in the environment.

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