The effect of mineralization of surface and groundwater in the Rostov region on soils located in the zone of irrigated agriculture

The purpose of the study is to determine the dynamics of the salt composition of soils of agricultural lands of the Rostov region in the zone of influence of reclamation systems and the causes of its occurrence. Materials and methods. Data from reports, scientific research by Russian scientists, as well as samples of collector-drainage waters and soils (the latter were selected in the area of reclamation systems of the Rostov region) were used as research materials. Results. Despite the fact that the irrigated lands of the region are mostly in good condition, it is of concern that during the irrigation process, an increase in the groundwater level is recorded, especially those with increased mineralization, which can lead to secondary salinization of fertile lands. Currently, about 19% of the agricultural land area in the region has a groundwater level of 0-2 m, less than half (44.25%) have favorable indicators for groundwater occurrence – more than 3 m. The use of water bodies with an unfavorable salt composition to supply water for irrigation of agricultural crops also has an adverse effect on the soil. According to the data, a quarter of the region’s lands are irrigated with water with a mineralization of more than 1 g/dm3. The latter require special attention, as there is a risk of their secondary salinization and loss of initial fertility. The paper presents generalized data of Russian scientists and a retrospective analysis, as well as data from the author’s research on changes in salt-forming ions in irrigated soils of the Rostov region. Conclusions. The data obtained indicate an increased content of salt-forming ions in groundwater and surface waters, which may pose a threat of secondary salinization of agricultural lands, and primarily located in the area of reclamation systems. Studies show that the sodium content in irrigated soils at the beginning of the irrigation period has higher values compared to similar non-irrigated ones, and the calcium content is lower.

1. Kalinin A.A. Monitoring the condition of agricultural lands in the Rostov region and the effectiveness of their use / A.A. Kalinin, N.V. Ponomarenko, Zh.V. Matveikina // Izvestiya vuzov. The North Caucasus region. Natural sciences. 2023. No. 1. P. 79-86. DOI: 10.18522/1026-2237-2023-1-79-86.

2. Bezuglova O.S. The current state of chernozems in the Rostov region and monitoring problems // Collection of scientific papers of the SSC. 2019. Volume 148. P. 34-41. DOI: 10.25684/NBG.scbook.148.2019.03.

3. Georgiadi A.G. Modern and scenario changes in the flow of the Volga and Don / A.G. Georgiadi, N.I. Koronkevich, I.P. Milyukova, E.A. Barabanova, E.A. Kashutina // Russian water economy: problems, technologies, management. No. 3, 2017, P. 7-22. DOI: 10.35567/1999-4508-2017-3-1.

4. Georgiadi A.G. Modern and scenario changes in river flow in the basins of the largest rivers of Russia. Part 2. Basins of the Volga and Don rivers. Monograph. / A.G. Georgiadi, N.I. Koronkevich, I.P. Milyukova, E.A. Kashutina, E.A. Barabanova. Moscow: Publishing house “Maks Press”, 2014. 214 p. ISBN 978-5-317-04737-5.

5. Lysochenko A.A. Environmental safety of the region: strategic planning and development // Regional economics and management: electronic scientific journal. ISSN 1999-2645. № 3 (71). Article number: 7114. Date of publication: 09/22/2022. URL: https://eee-region.ru/article/7114/. DOI: 10.24412/1999-2645-2022-371-14.

6. Zonal farming systems of the Rostov region (for the period 2013-2020): in 3 parts, Part 1 / Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Rostov Region. Rostov n/D, 2012. [Electronic resource] URL: http://donagro.ru/FILES/2020/ZONSYSZEM/Sistema_zemled_do_2020_1.docx.

7. Kalinin A.A. Monitoring the condition of agricultural lands in the Rostov region and the effectiveness of their use / A.A. Kalinin, N.V. Ponomarenko, Zh.V. Matveikina // Izvestiya vuzov. The North Caucasus region. Natural sciences. 2023. No. 1. P. 79-86. DOI: 10.18522/1026-2237-2023-1-79-86.

8. Ilyinskaya I.N. Condition and assessment of reclaimed lands of the Rostov region / I.N. Ilyinskaya, A.I. Klimenko, I.V. Batishchev // Land reclamation and hydraulic engineering. 2022. Vol. 12, No. 4. P. 86-103. https://doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2022-12-4-86-103

9. Bezuglova O.S. Dynamics of land degradation in the Rostov region / O.S. Bezuglova, O.G. Nazarenko, I.N. Ilyinskaya // Arid ecosystems. 2020. Vol. 26. No. 2 (83). P. 10-15. DOI: 10.24411/1993-3916-2020-10090. EDN: KWOAHB.

10. Zonal farming systems in the Rostov region for 2022-2026. Mono-graphy / Call. author. commissioned by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Rostov region. Rostov n/D: Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center” (village of Rassvet). 2022. 736 p. EDN: GHQGWS.

11. Kostylev P.I. Northern rice (genetics, breeding, technology) / P.I. Kostylev, A.A. Parfenok, V.I. Stepovoy. Rostov n/D: ZAO “Kniga”, 2004. 576 p. ISBN 5-87259-262-0 EDN: VDWSTV.

12. The meliorative complex of the Russian Federation: a dictionary or reference book / G.V. Olgarenko, S.S. Turapin, V.I. Bulgakov, T.A. Kapustina et al. Moscow: Rosinformagrotech, 2020. 304 p. EDN: AVWQXO. ISBN: 978-5-7367-1593-0

13. Monitoring of natural ecosystems of the Manych Valley: Proceedings of the Federal State Institution “Rostovsky State Nature Reserve”. Issue 4. Rostov n/D: Publishing house of the Scientific Research Center of the Higher School of Economics of the Southern Federal University, 2010. 216 p.

14. Kohanistaya E.V., Khoruzhaya T.A. The current level of salt pollution in the Proletarian and Veselovsky reservoirs. // News of higher educational institutions. The North Caucasus region. Natural sciences. No. 2, 2015. P. 88-92. EDN: TXJFRL.

15. Stepanyan O.V., Startsev A.V. The current state of biota in reservoirs of the Kuma-Manych depression: Ust-Manych, Vselovsky, Proletarsky and Chograisky reservoirs (review) / O.V. Stepanyan, A.V. Startsev // Arid ecosystems, 2014, vol. 20, No. 2(59). P. 56-69. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1326.7369

16. Kruglova V.M. Veselovskoe reservoir. Rostov n/D: Publishing house of Growth. University, 1962. 115 p.

17. Kleshchenkov A.V. Hydrometeorological and hydrological-hydrochemical conditions of the eastern part of the Proletarian reservoir and reservoirs of the Manych valley in the modern period / A.V. Kleshchenkov, V.G. Sawyer, E.G. Alyoshina, et al. // Proceedings of the UNC RAS. Volume VII. 2018. Pp. 38-56. DOI 10.23885/1993-6621-2018-7-38-56.

18. Novikova A.F. Meliorative condition of irrigated lands of the Rostov region // Soil Science, 2008, No. 5. P. 599-613.

19. Skovpen A.N. Long-term dynamics of properties of ordinary chernozems under irrigation conditions / A.N. Skovpen, V.P. Kalinichenko // Izvestiya vuzov. The North Caucasus region. Natural sciences. Appendix, 2006, No. 11. P. 94-100.

20. Manzhina S.A. Formation of a monitoring system for water bodies in areas affected by agricultural production (on the example of the Rostov region) / XVI International Scientific and Practical Symposium and Exhibition “Clean Water of Russia-2021” May 17-20, 2021. Yekaterinburg: Gilaym LLC, 2021. P. 112-116.

21. Groundwater in the south of the Rostov region and their impact on fl ooding of the territories of settlements / E.A. Zubkov, D.N. Garkusha, O.B. Bartsev, A.M. Nikanorov; Southern Federal University. Rostov-on-Don; Taganrog: Southern Federal University, 2019. 199 p. [Electronic resource] URL: https://biblioclub.ru/index.php?page=book&id=577759 (date of request: 03.10.2023).

22. Ecological Bulletin of the Don / Collection: On the state of the environment and natural resources of the Rostov region in 2022. / Under the general editorship of M.V. Fishkin. Rostov-on-Don: Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Rostov region. 2023. 372 p.

23. Nikanorov A.M. The scale of flooding, regime and quality of groundwater in the built-up areas of the south of the Rostov region / A.M. Nikanorov, O.B. Bartsev, D.N. Garkusha, E.A. Zubkov // Bulletin of the Southern Scientific Center. Vol. 2, No. 3, 2015. P. 66-80. EDN: UHJTBX.

24. S.A. Manzhina, T.I. Drovovozova, and A.A. Kirilenko Ecological aspects of the state of natural and technical systems in the zone of irrigated agriculture effect // E3S Web of Conferences 395, 02007 (2023) ETSAIC2023 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339502007

25. Shalashova O.Yu., Rubtsov I.P. Transformation of ordinary chernozem during long-term irrigation with weakly mineralized water of sulfate-sodium composition / O.Y. Shalashova, I.P. Rubtsov // Land reclamation and hydraulic engineering. 2022. Vol. 12, No. 3. P. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2022-12-3-1-14

26. Skovpen A.N. Long-term dynamics of properties of ordinary chernozems under irrigation conditions / A.N. Skovpen, V.P. Kalinichenko // News of higher educational institutions. The North Caucasus region. Natural sciences. No. 11, 2006. P. 94-100. EDN: HVEUEN.

27. Ilyinskaya I.N. Assessment of the aridization of the territory of the South-East of the Rostov region in dynamics / I.N. Ilyinskaya, O.S. Bezuglova, Yu.A. Litvinov // Land degradation and desertification: problems of sustainable nature management and adaptation: materials of the international scientific and practical conference, Moscow, November 2020 / Moscow: MAKS Press, 2020. P. 152-155.