Regulation of the water regime and technological methods of harvesting during soybean cultivation on irrigation in the conditions of the Lower Volga region

Abstract

The article highlights the specifics of soybean cultivation technology (Glycine hispida L.). Soybeans in the initial phase of growth and development can tolerate moderate drought, however, by the beginning of flowering and fruit formation, the sensitivity of soybeans to moisture increases significantly. Soybean cultivation by irrigation helps to increase the yield and quality of seeds. When cultivating soybeans, soil tillage is important, which makes it possible to regulate its water-air balance and mechanical properties. The seeding rate is determined for each variety and varies from 500 to 800 thousand plants per hectare. Early varieties are sown at a rate of 700-800 thousand units / ha, medium-ripened – 500-600 thousand units / ha, late-ripening – 400-500 thousand units / ha. When cultivated by irrigation, the seeding rate increases by 25-30%. Irrigation is carried out by frontal, circular, sprinkler machines, drum or double-column installations. This type of drip irrigation machines has a number of advantages, the machines provide a more accurate and uniform distribution of water, have the ability to apply fertilizers evenly and accurately, and have a longer service life. In the conditions ofthe Lower Volga region, the biological ripeness of soybeans occurs in September. For soybeans, it is required to use Flex harvesters with a flexible cutting machine. This type of harvester allows you to achieve a minimum cutting height of 3-6 cm by automatically copying the field relief. Losses for a Flex-type header amount to 2.1-2.4%, while for a conventional one they can reach up to 12-15%. To assess the correct configuration of the grain cleaning complex, the indicator ofthe completeness ofthe separation ofthe soybean grain mass and the loss of full-fledged grain in the waste is monitored.