Analysis of sources of diffuse pollution in the Kazanka river basin and development of preventive measures

Abstract

The sources of anthropogenic pollution of the Kazanka River in the Republic of Tatarstan are analyzed. It is established that diffuse runoff is formed in the catchment area during high water and summer floods due to surface waters and soil erosion. The largest contribution to water pollution is made by agricultural land, in particular, arable land, which makes up more than 70% ofthe catchment area, agricultural enterprises, including livestock farms, as well as land reclamation facilities. It has been revealed that the main polluting elements in river water are nitrogen, phosphorous compounds, BPK5, CPK, etc. It has been established that the content of nitrite nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and phosphate ions in the closing section ofthe Kazanka River in the long-term average exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations (MPК). Scientific and methodological substantiation has been carried out and preventive measures aimed at reducing the negative impact of diffuse pollution sources on the water quality ofthe Kazanka River and its tributaries have been proposed. The complex of measures to reduce pollutionof water bodies includes organizational and economic, agrotechnical, agro-reclamation, agroforestry and agricultural reclamation measures, hydrotechnical and biological methods of purification.