The influence of moisture availability conditions of the growing season on the productivity of soybean varieties of various ecological and geographical origin in the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem region

The article presents the results of agroecological tests of varieties of various ecological and geographical origins in the conditions of the Ryazan region. The agro-climatic characteristics of the cultivation region are analyzed and the parameters of the varietal reaction to the conditions of moisture availability of the growing season are established. Over the past few decades, local climate warming has been recorded in the Ryazan region with an increase in the number of dry years. Over the years of research, temperature values exceeded the long-term average by 2‑6°C, the sum of active temperatures averaged 2400‑2600°C, the amount of precipitation during the growing season varied in the range of 255‑265 mm, while the value of the GTC averaged 0.7‑1.1. The duration of the growing season of the studied varieties in years with optimal moisture availability (GTC0.7‑1.4) was 95‑105 days, with a lack of moisture – 78‑95 days, with excessive moisture – 98‑125 days. The yield of soybeans is directly affected by moisture availability during the critical periods of budding – flowering – fruit formation. With an increase in temperature values and a decrease in the amount of precipitation, yields naturally decrease. The maximum yield of soybeans reaches at a temperature of 20‑24°C and precipitation of 100‑120 mm in the period R1–R6 (flowering – full filling of seeds). The most precocious soybean varieties were of the northern ecotype, followed by southern and Far Eastern varieties. The amount of precipitation that fell in July was critically significant for soybean varieties of the northern ecotype, the generative development and subsequent seed productivity of southern and Far Eastern varieties were significantly influenced by precipitation in August. The purpose of the research was to determine the reaction of soybean varieties of different ecological and geographical origin to the conditions of moisture supply in the Central Non-Black Earth Region. Thus, in order to reduce the risks of loss of potential yields in years different in agrometeorological conditions, it is recommended to fill the assortment with varieties of different ecological and geographical origin that are able to mature stably in the region, as well as under optimal agro-climatic conditions to ensure high yields and protein harvesting per unit area.

1. Gureeva E.V. The influence of hydrothermal conditions on the yield of soybean seeds in the conditions of the Ryazan region // Agriculture. 2018. No. 7. Р. 34 35.

2. Dorokhov A.S., Belyshkina M.E. Agro-climatic characteristics of the regions of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation and assessment of suitability for cultivation of modern early-ripening soybean varieties / Bulletin of the Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy. 2021. № 3 (55). P. 34 39.

3. Belyshkina M., Studying the possible introduction of soybeans into new cultivation regions based on the analysis of climate change and agroecological testing of varieties // Agronomy. 2023. Vol. 13. No. 2. P. 610.

4. Zaitsev N.I., Revenko V.Yu., Ustarkhanova E.G. The influence of weather factors on the productivity of promising soybean lines in the zone of unstable humidification // Oilseeds. 2020. № 2 (182). P. 62 69.

5. Gureeva E.V. Influence of meteorological conditions on economically valuable soybean traits // Bulletin of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2021. No. 1. Р. 28 31.

6. Sukhoveeva O.E. The influence of modern climate changes on the productivity of agricultural crops in the Non-Chernozem region // Geography and natural resources 2014 No. 2. Р. 71 77.

7. Anjum S.A., Zohaib A., Ali I., Tabassum T., Nazir U., Ashraf U., Tanveer M., Naeem M. Growth and developmental responses of crop plants under severe stress: a review // Zemdirbyste. 2017. Vol. 104. No. 3. Р. 267 276.

8. Eulenstein F.,Lana M.,Tauschke M.,Behrend A., Sheudzhen A., Schlindwein S., Guevara E., Meira S. Trends of soybean yields under climate change scenarios // Horticulturae 2017. Vol. 3. No. 1Pp. 10.

9. Jumrani K., Bhatia V.S. Interactive effect of temperature and water stress on physiological and biochemical processes Vol. 25. No. 3. Pp. 667 681. – DOI: 10.1007/s12298 019 00657 5

10. Sinegovskaya V.T., Naumchenko E.T., Kobozeva T.P. Research methods in field experiments with soy. Blagoveshchensk: All–Russian Research Institute of Soy, 2016. 116 p.

11. Farooq M., Nadeem F., Ullah A., Siddique K.H.M., Algamdi S.S., Gogoi N., Nayyar N. Heat stress in grain legumes during reproductive and grain-filling phases // Crop and Paste Science. 2017. Vol. 68. No. 10 11. Pp. 985 1005.

12. Liu Y., Li J.,Zhu Y.,Song Y.,Jones A., Rose R.J. Heat stress in legume seed setting: effects, causes, and future prospects // Frontiers in Plant Science. 2019. Vol. 10 Jan. Pp. 938. – DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00938

13. Slafer G.A., Savin R., Kantolic A.G., Appendino M.L., Miralles D.J., Tranquilli G. Genetic and environmental effects on crop development determining adaptation and yield // Crop Physiology: Applications for Genetic Improvement and Agronomy: Second Edition, 2014. Рp. 285 319.

14. Belyshkina M.E. Dynamic parameters of early-ripening soybean crop formation in the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem region // Bulletin of the Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy. 2018 № 4 (44). P. 77 84.

15. Grishin A.P., Grishin A.A., Semenova N.A. Method of plant productivity control // Agricultural machinery and technology. 2021 Vol. 15.No. 2. P. 69 74.

16. Rakutko S.A., Rakutko E.N., Medvedev G.V. Development of an experimental phytotron and its application in research on the energy ecology of light culture // Agricultural machinery and technology. 2023. Vol. 17. No. 2. Р. 40 48.