The purpose of the study is the selection of sorption materials for the purification of drainage and waste water from the Sarpinsky irrigation and watering system. The Republic of Kalmykia is one of the driest regions of Russia. The shortage of water resources is observed almost throughout the whole territory of the republic, so the existing irrigation areas are partially used. Over the past decades, the area of crops, gross yields and rice yields in Kalmykia have significantly decreased. An analysis of the current ecological situation in the rice irrigation systems of the steppe part of the Sarpinsky lowland shows that 43% (3459 ha) of the total area of irrigated land (8031 ha) is in a satisfactory reclamation condition, and 57% (4572 ha) is in unsatisfactory for reasons of secondary salinization and alkalinization. To improve the ecological and reclamation state and further successful development of rice farming in the republic, it is necessary to develop technical solutions for the purification and desalination of drainage and waste water with the aim of their subsequent use for irrigation. For the selection of natural mineral sorbents, laboratory studies were conducted to study the static and dynamic capacity of sorbents, the most suitable complex of materials for waste water was developed. The approbation of sorbent mixtures under field conditions was carried out. Sorption materials were selected based on the results of the chemical analysis of filtered water, the sorption mechanism was also taken into account. Treatment of drainage and waste water will allow you to reuse this water, thereby saving water resources.

The current state of agricultural land reclamation in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), its role in agricultural production of the republic, taking into account the impact of climate change on irrigation facilities, is considered. It has been established that at present in the sphere of public administration in the field of land reclamation in the republic there are estuary irrigation systems, drainage systems and agricultural water supply facilities, as well as group water pipelines for water supply of rural settlements and irrigation of agricultural land. Business entities are engaged in irrigation of crops in open ground, fodder crops, sprinkler irrigation installations. The above facts of the main destruction of irrigation and drainage facilities over the past 15 years show the negative impact of climate change on the state of structures. Despite the zone of risky farming, the harsh climatic conditions, the calculations carried out show that the construction and operation of reclamation systems, agricultural water supply facilities and group water pipelines in Yakutia has a socio-economic effect. But taking into account the technical condition of hydraulic structures, the amount of funds allocated for reconstruction, repair and maintenance activities, it must be stated that at present, water supply to rural areas in the republic as a whole, especially given the negative impact of climate change, is in a critical state. «Decentralization» of state powers for water supply of territories, agricultural and other lands leads to a decrease in the quality of decisions and measures taken, and a scattering of financial resources. Necessary for the effective implementation of a unified state policy, rational distribution and use of financial resources, the creation of a unified state body in the field of water relations and land reclamation.

The purpose is to study the technological parameters of the developed drip outlet to improve the drip irrigation systems efficiency. The studies to determine the main design specifications of the improved drip outlet were carried out in laboratory conditions. To determine the regular hydraulic operation mode of drip irrigation systems, the hydraulic calculation procedure developed by O.E. Yasonidi was used. During the research, the technical and hydraulic characteristics of the drip outlet as well as the uniformity of water distribution in the drip irrigation system were determined. The length of the irrigation pipeline was L = 60.0 m. The study of flow variations of the drip outlet was carried out by regulating the head (pressure) at the inlet (from 5.0 to 15.0 m). Pipes with diameters of 0.012, 0.016, 0.020 and 0.025 m were used for the calculation. Based on the calculated and experimental research results, the regular hydraulic operation of the system is ensured with an irrigation pipeline diameter of 0.025 m, while for uniform flow distribution the head (pressure) at the inlet is 10 m, the flow rate is 18.79 l/h, the pressure loss along the length is from 0.0067 to 0.479 m, the irrigation pipeline length is limited to 50.0 m.

The aim of the study is to find the optimal solution to prevent the flow of surface water from the territory of various sources of pollution and protect the soil from erosion. There are quite a large number of ways and means to solve the above problem. However, all of them have their own characteristics and disadvantages in the form of complex design solutions, a limited amount of reception of surface runoff, filtration of retained contaminated wastewater into the soil and groundwater, especially on soils of light mechanical composition, on soils with a high occurrence of groundwater, water losses flowing from the catchment area above the trenches. In addition, on short slopes there is no possibility to create trenches up the slope when moving to the source of pollution, forest plantations planted along the path of runoff of polluted waters die. A method for preventing the flow of surface water from the territory of area and point sources of pollution, including the creation of a trench across the direction of drainage of wastewater, has been invented. Across the direction of the surface water inflow, in the lower part of the slope perpendicular to the mentioned trench, drainage trenches with a non-zero slope are built to drain the filtered liquid fraction of the flow flows and a storage pond associated with them is built. Two layers of material are laid on the bottom and walls of the trenches, of which the upper one is filtering, the lower one is waterproof, crushed stone is poured between them for a drainage effect, and below the trench a forest strip is laid, reinforced with a shaft along the lower edge. Conclusions: the method allows you to save water, protects soils, groundwater and surface water from pollution, improves the conditions for the growth of forest plantations and is economical.

The purpose of the study is to study the aspects of the management of the hydrothermal regime of rice agrocenosis. An assessment of the temperature regime, namely the temperature accumulated by rice sowing, the total indicator of the temperature function «morphogenesis» and the proportion of sunny days for the period from 2010 to 2020, according to the weather station Krasnodar/Kruglik, was carried out. In the course of the analysis, the regularities of the yield value from the temperature factor in different phases of growth and development of rice grown in the climatic conditions of the Lower Kuban were revealed. In the course of the analysis, the regularities of the yield value from the temperature factor in different phases of growth and development of rice grown in the climatic conditions of the Lower Kuban were revealed. So for, the phases of germination, seelings, tillering - with an increase in the sum of high temperatures, the yield increases, for entering the tube and sweeping-maturation - an increase in yield with a decrease in the sum of accumulated high temperatures and an increase in the sum of moderate air temperatures.

According to the developed methodology for assessing the natural moisture availability of the types of arable land locations in the Sana basin and the recommended values of runoff coefficients accepted for calculations, calculations of moisture resources for 54 catchments were carried out for 5, 25, 50 and 75% of the annual precipitation and for the average annual precipitation have shown that the use of local surface runoff by terracesinterception allows the formation of moisture resources in the range of 0.9-1.8 of the precipitation values. Since the productivity of bogharaagriculture is mainly determined by the area of arable land with semi-dry and very arid conditions, which occupies 52% of arable boghara land, it is possible to increase the volume of grain production in the Sanaa basin due to the intensification ofboghara agriculture.

The development of a methodology for numerical modeling and calculation of reinforced concrete structures of operated hydraulic structures, reinforced with prestressed basalt composite reinforcement, including on the basis of experimental research data carried out in the branch of JSC “Institute Hydroproject”-“NIIES” is presented. Computational studies were carried out on the basis of spatial finite element models in the framework of the ANSYS software package. Developing the models, the results of experimental and theoretical studies of hydrotechnical reinforced concrete structures were used in which prestressed basalt composite reinforcement is placed both in the tensioned and compressed zones of the structures.

To assess the convergence and stability of the methods for predicting the residual life of pressure hydrotechnical structures of general impact and gas-dynamic effects, a comparison of the analytical and numerical solutions was carried out by applying it to a mixed boundary value problem, cumulative initial and boundary conditions. The article deals with the problem of loading a pressure head hydraulic structure with a given profile. To assess the convergence and stability of the developed numerical method for solving the problem of the spatial motion of a pressure head hydraulic structure, taking into account the interaction with its base, a comparison was made of the analytical and numerical solutions of the problem of loading a pressure head hydraulic structure with a known cross section, and a numerical solution of the problem of dynamic loading of an absolutely rigid 6- a faceted stamp simulating an experiment on dynamic loading of an absolutely rigid round die, the results obtained by independent calculation methods are compared with the available experimental data.

In the western part of the dam of the Sardobinsky reservoir (Republic of Uzbekistan) On May 1, 2020, there was a breakthrough of a water-bearing earth dam which resulted in flooding of the agricultural land, as well as transport infrastructure facilities in three regions of the country. As a result of the accident, a number of settlements of Uzbekistan, the cross-border zone and border regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan were affected. The expert assessment of the causes of the hydraulic structure accident was carried out using qualitative methods which are usually used in the conditions of a lack of the information about the hydraulic structure, loads and impacts on it. The possible causes of an emergency situation in the area of the PK 60 picket of the Sardobinsky reservoir earth dam on May 1, 2020 are formulated. The construction implemented the scenario of the occurrence and development of an accident that led to an emergency situation. There was a local destruction of the section of the earth dam due to the loss of static stability of the structure and the filtration strength of the soils of the body and base of the dam. This led to an overflow in the zone of local lowering of the ridge on the destroyed section of the dam at a normal retaining water level, and then to additional erosion of the destroyed section of the structure with the formation of a breach and flooding of the territory downstream. Since the consequences of the accident that occurred under this scenario are classified as a «territorial emergency», the most significant was the risk of destruction of the section of the earth dam.

The presented research results show that the development of the technology of laying monolithic concrete under various temperature and humidity conditions of the external environment is associated with the acceleration of the hardening process of freshly laid concrete and the acquisition of the necessary strength before reaching dangerous values of moisture loss and freezing. Only in this case can a high-quality material with high potential properties be obtained. The studies were carried out under isothermal conditions at different temperatures. The obtained data allow us to calculate the temperature fields of concrete that arise due to the exothermy of cement in non-stationary modes. The lining of the channel is considered as an isotropic plate unlimited in the horizontal direction, lying on a solid ground base. When solving the problem, the following prerequisites are accepted: - the temperature regime in the lining and the underlying layer of the soil changes according to the damped harmonic function; - the thermal stress state of the cladding is affected by the creep of the concrete. As a result, the study of the kinetics of heat emission of cement during its hydration under various temperature conditions is important and necessary, especially for laying monolithic concrete in the lining of channels.

The aim of this research was to study the operating modes of water-passing structures that are part of the irrigation and drainage system using numerical computer modeling in the HEC-RAS environment. The paper describes the main stages of processing the source data, preparing a model, performing modeling and analyzing the results. The problem of the program description of the rules for managing a water-passing structure - a controlled gate located on a trapezoidal channel and performing the function of regulating water levels is investigated. The created rules for the operation of the structure imply a change in the position of the gate depending on the water levels in the upper and lower reaches, which ensures regulation. For the resulting model of a channel with a controlled gate, calculations were carried out for a non-steady flow of water, the response of the structure to a change in the flow rate of water was investigated, and the obtained values of water levels in the upper and lower reaches was analyzed. Based on the simulation results, conclusions were drawn about the applicability of this research method for solving problems related to the optimization of operating modes of irrigation and drainage systems.

Since reducing energy consumption is a priority for an enterprise, economic efficiency in general is directly related to the use of pumping equipment. The demand for electricity for pumping equipment will depend on various factors: the operating modes of pumping stations and installations, the equipment used measures to reduce the cost of electricity consumed, etc. The current practice indicates extremely inefficient operation of pumping equipment. Currently, a large number of pumping stations of water supply and sanitation systems operate in an uneconomical mode. Very often, this is due to incorrect selection of pumping equipment, outdated pumping equipment, the operation of pumps in non- calculation mode. In addition, pumping equipment has been installed in many industries since the establishment of production. Such equipment is morally and technically outdated. Now, technological progress allows us to use more efficient equipment and materials that allow us to reduce energy consumption. The article presents an analysis of the energy consumption of a pumping station of technical water supply on the example of JSC «Omsk Kauchuk», a variant of modernization is proposed in order to reduce the consumption of electricity by pumping equipment. The need to modernize the pumping station of technical water supply is associated with a significant service life and high -energy consumption of pumping equipment. Two pump brands were selected and a comparative analysis was carried out. Based on calculations of energy consumption and technological characteristics, the most profitable and optimal version of the D6300-80-2b pump was chosen, since the pump performance is greater and the power consumption is less than that of the JETEX DS600-750 pump, as well as reducing the wear rate of operating elements, improving the pump’s suction capacity.

The landfills of municipal solid waste represent a severe environmental problem for the geobiocenoses of adjacent reservoirs’ anda threat of degradation to the recreational zone of the Black Sea coast. In this article on an example of the two solid communal waste (MSW) landfills, located within the area of Bolshoj Sochi there is given an analysis of geological, physical and chemical and biological characteristics of watercourses of small rivers affected by effluents from the MSW landfills, as well as the coastal areas of the Black Sea in the estuarine zones of these rivers. In order to determine changes in the hydrobiocenoses’ qualitative and functional composition, eutrophication and water toxicity, caused by the landfill effluents inflow, methods of bioindication and biotesting were applied. It was revealed that the incoming from landfills effluents deliver a negative impact on the environment quality not only of small rivers, but also on coastal biocenoses at the places of rivers inflow in the Black Sea. It was established that the choice of the studied polygons location waserroneous, it caused a progressive negative impact on the environment. To minimize the negative influence of the waste locationobjects on the aquatic ecosystems under the conditions of subtropical climate of the Black sea coast of the Caucus, it was recommended to monitor exogenous geological processes, water pollution, bottom sediments and soils.

The purpose of this scientific study was to study the consequences of the passage of sedimentary flows of a heavy shower origin on the territory of the mountainous village of Khabaz, the Zolsky district of the KBR (Kabardino-Balkar Republic). The scientific significance of the work is a comprehensive study and description of the dangerous natural phenomenon with the definition of the nature and parameters of its manifestation. The work was done on the basis of the materials obtained during the route survey using modern methods of measurement, photo and video shooting. This article presents the results of the conducted research, which show the progressive aggravation of destructive natural processes due to current climate changes. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, it is possible to develop measures and actions to reduce the risks from dangerous slope and channel processes that carry a potential threat to the territory of a rural settlement.

Based on a comprehensive assessment of the state of the park landscape, the level of its anthropogenic transformation is determined, which is necessary to identify the potential for restoring the natural biodiversity of the object. It is reported that the plantations and soil cover of the park of the 50th anniversary of VLKSM are very heterogeneous; they reflect the history of park establishment. The soil cover consists of three main types: sod, bog and urbanozem. It should be stressed that the best preserved part of the park is the plot with boggy soils around the pond. Herbaceous plants growing on the plot are very similar to the species composition of the ground cover of overgrown peat bogs. Over the 40 years since the foundation of the park, a high level of pollutants has been accumulated in the soil, which allows us to state that the negative impact occurs constantly. Consequently, the existing plantings are insufficient to protect visitors from vehicle emissions from the roads along Yasnaya and Shaumyana streets. There are enough natural elements in the park of the 50th anniversary of VLKSM; this should be taken into account in its redevelopment. There is an opportunity to restore the reservoir and return the plantings to their natural appearance. It is proposed to add elements of landscape decoration in the park.

The achievement of this goal was carried out through the accounting of the lack of CO₂ absorption by the tree stand, which was located on the lands of the annual extinction of forest areas and on the lands of the restored tree stand after reforestation work. The analysis of the use of forest fund lands for the period 2010-2018 is given. The most characteristic examples of the negative impact of human economic activity and adverse natural phenomena on the lands of the forest fund, contributing to the reduction of forests, and as a consequence, reducing the absorption of CO₂ from the atmospheric air and the production of O₂, are considered. One of the many techniques that mitigate the negative effects of human economic activity and adverse natural phenomena on the lands of the forest fund is the timely reclamation of degraded lands and reforestation on lands disturbed by logging, forest fires and other negative impacts of natural and anthropogenic nature. Restoration of the ability to absorb CO₂ and produce O₂ by a stand being restored on degraded lands has a certain protracted nature associated with the performance of work on preparing disturbed lands for reforestation, planting and caring for seedlings, and, most importantly, the achievement by seedlings of the age-related ability to fully absorb CO₂ and produce O₂.