The aim of the research was to study the features of the influx of trace elements with flood sediments onto reclaimed lands of the floodplain agricultural landscape under technogenesis conditions. Long-term studies were carried out on arable floodplain reclaimed lands located near the city of Ryazan. Sediments were collected according to the author’s method using sediment traps. Laboratory analysis of the selected samples of flood sediments and alluvial soil to determine the content of microelements was carried out according to generally accepted methods for determining chemical indicators: microelements of boron, molybdenum – by the photometric method; zinc, manganese, copper, cobalt – by the atomic absorption method. The alluvial soil of the research site is characterized by a high content of boron, copper, cobalt and an average content of manganese, zinc, molybdenum. According to the results of research in 2022-2024. The sediment load level on the site territory was established (11.9-15.8 t/ha). The input of microelements into the floodplain agricultural landscape varies in the range: boron 11.69-12.73 g/ha; molybdenum 1.07-1.54; zinc 109.49-203.49; manganese 640.22-1215.06; copper 174.93-200.66; cobalt 42.25-52.93 g/ha. Based on the obtained experimental data, the content of microelements in sediments and underlying alluvial soil was assessed, and empirical dependencies of the content of microelements in flood sediments on the level of sediment load were established. The information obtained during the research on the features of the influx of microelements with flood sediments onto reclaimed lands of the floodplain agricultural landscape is necessary when studying the migration flows of microelements in agroecosystems of floodplain reclaimed lands and will serve as a basis for developing highly effective adaptive measures aimed at maintaining fertility and increasing the productivity of alluvial soil of agricultural lands using complex agro- and biomelioration techniques of nature-like technologies.

The research aimed to map, classify and evaluate agricultural field overwetting plots and their features using ultra-high spatial resolution satellite images. The object of the research is overwetting plots located within the agricultural fields of Menkovsky branch of Agrophysical Research Institute, Gatchina district of Leningrad region. Study included a field survey of such an overwetting plots, analysis and evaluation of their interpretation characteristics on satellite images. Overall results are as follows. A set of high spatial resolution satellite images mainly taken in early spring and autumn is needed to detect overwetting plots of agricultural field. The visible overwetting plots interpretation characteristics on satellite images are divided depending on time of the year they made into two groups: high contrast counters with signs of water accumulation – in early spring and counters with signs of depressed vegetation – in vegetation period. The overwetting plots contours interpretation characteristics on satellite images have temporary or permanent type; as a result of the field survey it was established that overwetting plots with permanent type of contour have a shape of basin, depth of 36 cm and more and area of at least 0.1 ha. Mapping of the drainage pipes placed inside overwetting plots contour is required to clarify the probable cause of their origin. The presence of the high contrast point or area close to main drainage pipe within the boundaries of overwetting plots contour on satellite images may indicate a malfunction of the closed collector in the specified location or further down its route. Taking into account the melioration tasks, the key classification features of overwetting plots on satellite images are: presence of main drainage pipe within the boundaries of overwetting plots contour and the stability of such contours over time. The evaluation results of the surveyed overwetting plot characteristics on satellite images are as follows: relief forms and probable depth – 86%; the clarifying of the main drainage pipe malfunction as a cause of overwetting plots origin – 50%.

Studies were carried out in the forest-steppe zone of the Altai Territory in areas with drip irrigation in 2025 according with generally accepted methods. Covering and mulching materials were used when growing honeysuckle and sea buckthorn seedlings, meadow-chernozem soil moistening was maintained at the level of 70% of HB. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of covering and mulching materials on the cultivation of honeysuckle and sea buckthorn seedlings using drip irrigation in the forest-steppe conditions in the south of Western Siberia. It was found that the use of covering and mulching materials had a positive impact on the quality indicators of the Berel honeysuckle seedlings. Depending on the experimental variant, seedling height increased by 2.9-26.6%, trunk diameter by 31.7%, the number of primary roots by 16.0-62.7%, root length by 2.6-35.9% compared to the control variant. The most of high-quality seedlings were obtained in the variants with sawdust and black spunbond (73.3%). Growing Zhemchuzhnitsa sea buckthorn seedlings using covering and mulching materials in a drip-irrigated area improved the quality of the planting material. Biometric indicators increased by 6.5-14.8% (seedling height), 3.6-21.9% (number of aboveground branching), 6.3-22.3% (trunk diameter), 10.1-27.5% (number of primary roots), 1.4-38.8% (root length). The most of first-grade commercial seedlings were obtained in the variants using black spunbond (73.3%) and straw (80.0%).

The purpose of the study is to develop a method for determining the water supply rate for drip irrigation of woody fruit crops, which ensures the formation of soil moisture zones with specified geometric and humidity parameters. The experimental basis of the proposed method was made up of materials from studies of humidification contours performed at 12 experimental sites in the gardens of the Rostov region. The methodological approach to the development provided for the generalization, systematization and consistent use of copyright dependencies and techniques in solving the problem of determining the value of the irrigation rate. When calculating the irrigation rate for drip irrigation of gardens, it is recommended to use the concept of the water supply rate, which refers to the volume of water supplied by one dropper per irrigation into the soil space and ensuring the formation of a humidification contour in the soil column with specified geometric dimensions and humidity parameters. The concept of the author’s approach to determining the irrigation rate of drip irrigation of gardens is formulated, which provides for the formation of humidification zones in the soil space with specified geometric and humidity parameters, taking into account: characteristics of the soil cover, climatic conditions, phenological characteristics of cultivated crops, technological parameters of drip irrigation and constructive solutions of the irrigation network. As a result, a methodology has been developed for determining the irrigation rate of drip irrigation of industrial gardens, including the author’s dependencies for calculating: the rate of water supply by one drip, the geometric parameters of the local contour of drip moistening of the soil, the area of nutrition of cultivated crops, the required area of humidification of each plant and the number of drippers for watering it.

This article examines the current state and prospects for the development of irrigated agriculture in Burundi, a country where agriculture plays a crucial role in the national econo­my. The analysis covers different irrigation methodologies, from traditional practices to modern systems, as well as the challenges and prospects for improving the situation in irrigated agricul­ture in Burundi. The irrigation potential in Burundi is estimated at 122,701 hectares, but only a fraction of this area (33%) is currently irrigated. The lack of scientifically based engineering solutions, technical and socio-economic limitations, the high cost of equipment, and unprepared water infrastructure hinder the development of irrigation systems. However, technological in­novations and forward-looking policy recommendations to improve the efficiency of irrigation in the country are emerging.

About 4508.4 × 10⁶ tons of oil are produced annually in the world, including 541.7 × 10⁶ tons in Russia. Produced oil can be of “light” and “heavy” grades. Regardless of the grade, the oil produced is supplied to refineries, where producers of oil products use light grades to produce light refined fuel, and heavy grades to produce darker types of oil products, including fuel oil with different densities and viscosities. In the process of transporting extracted raw materials and refined petroleum products in accident situations, a spill occurs, leading to severe environmental consequences both on land and on water. The greatest negative impact on aquatic ecosystems is caused by spills of heavy grades of raw materials and oil products. The use of the tanker fleet for the transportation of a large part of the produced oil and refined petroleum products by sea is associated with high risks of negative impact on aquatic ecosystems in the event of emergencies. The greatest environmental problem is created by emergencies during the spill of heavy oil and oil-contaminated petroleum products. This problem was exposed by two accidents of tankers on December 15, 2024 in the Kerch Bay of the Black Sea, carrying fuel oil of grade 100. The article presents technical solutions for the elimination of spills of oil and oil products with the properties of both viscous and viscous-plastic liquids located on the water surface, in a submerged state and at the bottom.

Cultivation of vegetable crops during dry periods of vegetation in the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia requires irrigation. The use of drip irrigation ensures a stable yield of white cabbage and preserves soil fertility. When calculating the irrigation regime for white cabbage, a formula is needed to calculate the total water consumption. Despite a large number of studies on determining the total water consumption of vegetable crops, there are no formulas for calculating the total water consumption of white cabbage on sod-podzolic soils in the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia using drip irrigation and evaporation. In this regard, studies were conducted in 2022-2023 on the territory of the Sergiyevo-Posadsky urban district of the Moscow Region, which allowed us to obtain a formula for calculating the total water consumption of white cabbage using evaporation under the conditions under consideration. The following coefficients were determined for this formula: the coefficients (K_per.) of the transition from evaporation to the potential water consumption of white cabbage; as well as the biological coefficients (K_biol.) and the coefficients (K_vl.) that take into account the decrease in soil moisture below the optimal values for the studied crop. Comparison of the calculated data on the total water consumption of white cabbage with the actual data showed a strong correlation. The correlation coefficient of this relationship was 0.975 ±0.0315.

The operation of irrigation reclamation systems in the southern regions of the country with canals formed in the earthen body is accompanied by large losses of water for filtration. The value of moisture losses can reach up to 10 … 20% of the amount of water intake from a water source. Such an amount of seepage water can negatively affect the surrounding lands, causing flooding on them, the emergence of conditions for the emergence of swampy areas, salinization of territories, which ultimately leads to a decrease in soil fertility for growing plants. One of the ways to solve the problem of water filtration from canals is to build them with the formation of a protective concrete layer or to use concrete slabs. The study of the state of the existing reclamation canals shows the presence of various defects in their structures that have arisen in the process of long-term operation of the reclamation system. The main defects are: destruction of the connecting joints of concrete slabs; sliding of concrete slabs to the bottom of the canal; deformation of concrete structures, violating the design cross-section of the channel. In hydro-reclamation and hydraulic engineering, in the formation of critical loaded structures in the water environment, concretes with high strength and water tightness were mainly used, and these structures are still effectively functioning. It should be noted that on reclamation systems there are also structures that are less loaded, formed from concretes of lower strength, which have failed over time in the course of operation. The elements made of such concretes are the connecting joints of concrete slabs, areas of joints of the bases of concrete pavements, etc. Such films can be installed on the concrete or soil base of the bottom and slopes of canals.

The aim of the work is to identify and interpret the main components that determine the variability of the properties of the arable soil layer of sod-podzolic soils in the basin of the small Loknash River, as well as to evaluate the informative value and autonomy of independent variables based on the analysis of generality and specificity. The article presents the results of a study of soil and environmental factors that determine the variability of the properties of the arable layer in the basin of the small Loknash River in the Moscow region. Statistical data processing was performed using the principal component method (PCA) with varimax rotation. Three key factors were identified that explain 78.33% of the total dispersion: “Thermal regime and chemical properties of the soil” (36.04%), “Erosion intensity and position in the relief” (28.53%), “Insolation and hydrodynamics of the riverbed” (13.77%). The calculation of the generality and specificity of variables showed that the most integrated into the model are indicators of slope exposure, slope angle, channel slope, distance from the source, average air temperature, absolute elevation, density and pH. The amount of precipitation, potassium and phosphorus showed the greatest autonomy. The results obtained make it possible to carry out zoning of the territory according to the risk of erosion, optimize fertilization and take into account microclimatic features when planning land reclamation measures.

The purpose of this work is to develop methods for calculating the proposed downstream water intake structures. The paper describes the operating conditions and design schemes of under-channel water intake structures, the author’s development. Structural and process characteristics of underflow water intakes and their drainage systems arranged in coastal sections of small rivers are given. For different types of filtering water intakes and drains, methods of filtration calculations are proposed, based on the results of which it is possible to determine the size and productivity of water intake trays and drainage pipes. A method of hydraulic calculations is also proposed, which makes it possible to determine the throughput capacity of drainage and discharge pipes. These proposed methods of filtration and hydraulic calculations can be used for the calculation justification of the designed under-channel water intake structures of combined designs in the conditions of small rivers.

The aim of the research was to experimentally evaluate the effect of pressure pulsations of a water stream on the stability of a free-lying anti-filtration coating made of BE-NOTEX SK concrete in a trapezoidal channel. The studies were carried out on a physical model in a laboratory tray with water flow rates of 84, 120 and 168 liters/s. The hydrodynamic pressure was measured synchronously on the surface of the coating and under it using DD-10 sensors, which made it possible to determine the pressure difference and assess the risks of tearing the web. A specialized measuring system with active filtering was used for signal processing. The dependence of the amplitude and frequency of pressure pulsations on the water flow rate has been established. It was revealed that the maximum peak frequency values (up to 800 Hz) are observed under the pavement on the slope. The pressure difference on the upper and lower surfaces of the web does not exceed 2.7 cm of water, which indicates the absence of significant tear-off forces. The coating remained stable without deformations at flow rates up to 1.86 m/s. Based on experimental data, the effectiveness of using BE-NOTEX SK concrete sheet as a protective coating of channels has been confirmed. It was found that to ensure stability, the minimum loading of the web can be reduced to 0.08-0.10 of the hydrostatic pressure value.

The study is devoted to the analysis of reactive mass transfer in a two-layer porous medium with a spatially inhomogeneous distribution of porosity. The paper considers a system consisting of two regions: the left one with constant porosity and the right one with variable porosity described by a given distribution. Under the condition of a low rate of mineral dissolution, the system is reduced to a stationary statement, which allows us to obtain analytical solutions for the concentration and its derivative at the interface between the media. Particular attention is paid to the influence of key dimensionless parameters – the Peclet (Pe) and Damköhler (Da) numbers, which determine the dynamics of the process. It is found that at Pe ≫ 1, the system enters a stationary mode, at which the concentration tends to the limit 1/(1+Da), and its derivative – to the value -Da ∙ Pe/(1+Da). In the case of Da ≪ 1, the concentration and its derivative become independent of the mass transfer parameters which indicates a change in the transfer mechanism in this limiting mode. An important role is also played by the inverse relationship between the Da number and the parameter α, characterizing the distribution of porosity, which emphasizes the influence of the heterogeneity of the medium on the stability of the dissolution front. The obtained analytical solutions are confirmed by numerical calculations, demonstrating a high degree of consistency. The results of the work are of practical importance for modeling the processes of acid treatment of formations, filtration control in oil and gas fields and forecasting hydrogeological processes in heterogeneous porous media.

Based on the hydrodynamic model of the Charysh River section, the calculation of the direct and inverse problem of determining the total mass flow rate of a conservative pollutant under various scenarios of diffuse pollution was carried out. The calculation of the inverse problem was performed using nonlinear global optimization and Monte Carlo methods based on a polynomial representation of the distribution of the total mass flow rate. A satisfactory agreement between the reconstructed and initial distributions was established, and an estimate of the effective value of the Peclet number was obtained. It was found that the value of the effective Peclet number is within the range of its real change.

The aim of the research was to analyze the structure and conditions of water use within the Nerl River watershed in the Kalyazin district of the Tver region to assess the impact of pollution on the river and provide justification for water protection measures based on an integrated approach that takes into account the impact of hydro-reclamation. Data on the environmental and economic factors were gathered and compiled for part of the Nerl River basin, and an analysis of the pollution impact on the river within the Nerl River watershed was performed. The current economic situation at the site and its development prospects were assessed, including characteristics of water consumption and wastewater discharge. Water management calculations were carried out for current and future periods (for years with 75% and 95% river flow probability). Calculations of maximum permissible pollution coefficients for various sectoral water users were performed, and volumes of water consumption and wastewater discharge were calculated, taking into account the maximum permissible pollutant load. An analysis of the structure of the pollutant load from sectoral water users was carried out based on an integrated approach. A necessary set of water protection measures to improve the quality of surface water resources was developed, including local measures on melioration systems. Annual costs for the implementation of water management and water protection measures, including local measures on melioration systems, were determined, along with the prevented damages from water pollution.

In the context of the global transition to renewable energy, free-flow hydro turbines (FFHTs) are of particular interest as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional dam-based hydroelectric power plants. Their application is particularly relevant for China, which has significant, but geographically unevenly distributed hydroelectric potential. The objective of the study is to assess the potential for FFHT application in various regions of China based on a comprehensive consideration of hydrological and environmental factors. Using data from 58 hydro posts for the period 2010-2023, the hydrological stability index (Ig) and the environmental impact coefficient (Ke) were calculated. An integral suitability index (P) was developed, allowing for a quantitative assessment of the trade-off between energy efficiency and environmental risks. It was found that the most favorable regions for FFHT implementation are Zhejiang (P=0.67) and Guangdong (P=0.51), while in Yunnan and Sichuan the application of technologies requires additional restrictions and adaptation measures. Recommendations are provided for the selection of turbine types and capacity, taking into account regional specifics.

The purpose of the study is to identify various aspects of the effect of decomposing wood chips on the soil under the coating. A study on the transformation of the properties of sod-podzolic contact-deeplyclarified soil on moraine loam as a result of recreational effects on paths in the arboretum of the MBG RAS has been conducted. The properties of natural forest soil, soil under a dirt path, soil of the path covered with hardwood chips and under model plots were studied. An increase in the soil density under footpaths by 0.3g/cm3 in humus and eluvial horizons were revealed. The plots of the modeling experiment (season1) the wood chips a protective effect against over compaction had been disclosed. An increase in pH was detected in the soils of the pathway network. An increase in the carbon content of the organic compounds was detected in the horizons under the chip coating. In the small-scale experiment, a loss of chip mass in plots without recreational load and in plots with simulated load was fixed by 22% and 28%, respectively. The method of laboratory phytotesting in soil affected by a coating of hardwood chips revealed a tendency to inhibit the growth rates of monocots Avena sativa L. test plants.

The analysis of the dynamics of the moisture regime in the Central forest-steppe was performed using the hydrothermal coefficient of G.T. Selyaninov (HTC) calculated based on the data of meteorological stations No. 34123 “Voronezh”, No. 27930 “Lipetsk”, No. 34214 “Belgorod”, No. 34009 “Kursk”. The frequency of severe droughts (HTC_m-s 0.3-0.6) at the named meteorological stations over the past 85 years (1940-2024) is from 3 to 6, moderate droughts (HTC_m-s 0.6-0.8) – from 3 at the meteorological station “Kursk” to 14 at the meteorological station “Belgorod”. A strong contribution of precipitation amounts to the HTC for the period May-September values was revealed, the relationship is high (r = 0.91), the contribution of air temperatures is less, the relationship is significant (r = 0.69). The dynamics of the hydrothermal coefficient values for the period May–September shows a general decrease in the level of moisture supply in the Central Forest-Steppe territory, especially in the last thirty years. A significant increase in average air temperatures is observed at all meteorological stations. The distribution of precipitation amounts by half-years showed a decrease in both the warm and cold periods at the meteorological stations “Belgorod” and “Lipetsk” and a slight increase in the cold period at the meteorological stations “Voronezh” and “Kursk”. The average HTC values for the observation period at the named meteorological stations were: “Voronezh” – 1.06, “Lipetsk” – 1.07, “Belgorod” – 1.03, “Kursk” – 1.25. In the last thirty years: “Voronezh” – 1.03, “Lipetsk” – 0.96, “Belgorod” – 0.94, “Kursk” – 1.22.

The article discusses the issue of increasing the efficiency of artificial reforestation in the creation of European spruce forest crops. Attention is paid to comparing biometric indicators of forest crops created using standard and non-standard planting material. The experiment was carried out using the methodology proposed by G.K. Nezabudkin on a trial area of 0.5 hectares. The results showed that the average annual increase in axial shoot height in forest crops created with non-standard planting material was 4.1 cm (52% of the seedling height at the laying stage), while in crops with standard material it was 5.2 cm (33% of the seedling height). The article also discusses the use of a biologically active organo-mineral complex based on peat “Gumiton” for the treatment of the root system of spruce seedlings before planting. The experiment was conducted in the spring of 2024, and the results showed a positive trend in axial shoot growth in seedlings treated with the drug. The study may be useful for forestry specialists involved in reforestation and improving the quality of planting material.