When making decisions about putting unused agricultural lands into turnover, it is advisable to estimate their potential productivity under the current climatic conditions. The analysis of energy expenditures of the main components of the natural process of soil formation (radiation balance, PAR, moistening coefficient) for Moscow region of CFD by weather stations of Dmitrov, Kolomna, Staritsa was carried out. The mechanism of influence of ameliorative measures on the components of radiation balance is described and the dependencies allowing for calculation of energy accumulated in the annual growth of vegetation mass and energy consumption for soil-forming process corresponding to the calculated energy  amount  are  given.  The  calculations  of  theoretically  possible  crop  yields  at  introduction  into agricultural production of unused lands with different values of PAR during the vegetation period are presented. The assessment of climatically secured crop capacity of three researched plots was carried out by the example of 2021 and comparison with actually obtained capacity in the farms, where the researched plots  are  located,  which  are  planned  to  be  put  into  agricultural  turnover.  The  purpose  of  the  study is to assess the role of reclamation in increasing the productivity of unused lands when making decisions on their return to agricultural circulation based on the results of an assessment of their current state using the example of the Moscow Region.

In  order  to  study  the  spatial  relationships  between  the  distribution  of  moisture in the 0-5 cm layer of soil cover and the distribution of local irrigation rates along the pressure front of the sprinkler, a study was carried out, including the measurement of moisture along this front, as well as subsequent data analysis. Moisture measurement was carried out at the soybean sowing site, sprinkling of which was carried out by SM «Kaskad». The analysis of the results included statistical and geostatistical processing of measurement data, as well as analysis of the results of computer modeling of zonal irrigation norms and their comparison with zonal values of humidity. As a result of the analysis, the relationship between the influence of the uneven distribution of local irrigation norms on the formation of spatial patterns of moisture of the surface 0-5 cm layer of soil cover was revealed. At the same time, it was shown that, despite the revealed correlation between the zonal values of humidity and the zonal values of irrigation norms, there are still a number of factors and conditions that could have a significant impact.

Every year, the volume of imports of vegetables, including table carrots, is growing. The  above  is  the  main  indicator  of  the  existence  of  a  problem  in  providing  the  domestic  market with  domestically  produced  products.  This  is  primarily  due  to  the  amount  of  resources  expended and their high cost, which does not allow domestic producers to meet the population’s need for vegetables. The purpose of the study is to identify the degree of influence of various factors on the efficiency of water resources use during drip irrigation of carrots with the formation of 90-130 t/ha of standard root crops. The experiment was carried out on the territory of the Volgograd region on the fields of the peasant farm of Zaitsev V.A. Three factors are defined in the scheme of the experiment: A – water supply conditions, B – mineral nutrition, C – sowing density. A change in the quantitative indicators of the main crop-forming factors leads to a change in the yield of marketable carrot products. Improved conditions created during the years of research (2019-2021) on variants with the maximum dose of applied nutrients under a regime of differentiated soil moisture of 70-80% HB in a layer of 0.4 m made it possible to obtain the highest yields (up to 114-115 t/ha), however, the lowest consumption of irrigation moisture was noted for each year of research on the variant with maintaining the specified regime in a layer of 0.4 m, applying mineral fertilizers  at  a  dose  of  N210P95K260  and  differentiated  distribution  of  seed  material  in  the  tape,  where the amount of the resulting product reached 105-113 t/ha.

Reclamation  system  is  a  complex  of  engineering  structures  and  devices  that ensure the creation of the required water, air, thermal and nutrient regimes of soils. The composition of  reclamation  systems  includes  underground  pipelines,  drains,  hydraulic  structures  that  may fail  and  require  repair,  but  it  is  impossible  to  detect  a  problem  area  without  monitoring  the  area of the system by antediluvian methods or conducting survey work. The purpose of the work: to justify the use of soil moisture maps obtained by the DJI PHANTOM 4 MULTISPECTRA UAV to identify problem areas of the reclamation network or vice versa absence. Aerial photography was carried out in May 2021 on the treated section of the drainage and humidification network of the Yakhrom floodplain of the Moscow region. As a result of the survey, a digital relief model, an operational humidity map based on the calculated NDWI water index were obtained. The flight altitude of the quadcopter was 180 m above the earth’s surface, the pixel size of the image of the earth’s surface to be 7.9 cm. According to the results of aerial photography on the selected site, the absolute marks of the earth’s surface vary from 134.67 to 135.23. On average, the slope of the earth’s surface of the selected site is 0.002 in the direction from  northwest  to  southeast.  There  are  no  pronounced  microforms  of  relief  moisture  in  the  surface layer of the soil obtained in the field corresponds to the variety of color areas of the NDWI water indices highlighted on the operational humidity map. In the soil conditions of the studied area, the moisture content  of  the  surface  soil  layer  is  logarithmic  with  the  normalized  difference  water  index  NDWI. The correlation coefficient is 0.9 ± 0.06, which indicates a very high relationship between the studied indicators. Such a map can be used to identify problem areas of the reclamation network.

An assessment of the technological feasibility of the tasks of involving fallow lands in  agricultural  circulation  and  increasing  the  fertility  of  agricultural  land  in  the  long-term  period of  economic  activity  is  given.  Insufficient  information  content  of  the  use  of  yield  maps  for  assessing the  fertility  of  fields  has  been  revealed.  It  is  proposed  to  use  maps  of  the  relief  of  fields,  which  will allow establishing the dynamics of violation of the water-air regime of the soil. It is substantiated that in the process of involving fallow lands into circulation, it is required to introduce a technological operation of micro topographic analysis of the degree of soil moisture. An algorithm for switching on the field leveling operation (surface leveling of the field plane) using modern positioning systems has been developed. It was revealed that leveling the field with a laser level made it possible to reduce yield fluctuations by 20% within the cultivated area of the field and increase yield by 25-30% (an example of sowing corn). Shortcomings of positioning accuracy with the use of laser and satellite positioning have been established. It is proposed to  transfer  digital  information  transmission  modules  to  network  clusters  with  the  choice  of  the  best digital data transmission channel by including an uninterrupted positioning module with digital data transmission over a 434 MHz and 864 MHz radio channel with a range of up to 600 meters to other digital information transmission modules of the vehicle positioning. A plan for the implementation of the concept of forming a digital field on the basis of a field experimental station of the RSAU-MAA named after C.A. Timiryazev, with the aim of creating a frontier for the sustainable development of closed life cycle technologies through the introduction of innovations using the multiplicative interaction of mechatronic systems and telematics for agro-industrial complex equipment.

The  research  goal  was  to  study  the  trends  in  the  influence  of  the  mulching  layer of cut straw on the change in hydrothermal conditions of the arable soil layer. The object of study was one of the most common soils of the Altai region – leached loamy chernozem. The plots for the experiment were laid on a steam field. One of the sections was mulched on the surface with a layer of cut straw 10-15  mm  thick,  on  the  other  section  the  mulch  layer  was  20-25  mm.  The  third  section  of  the  black vapor was used for contrast control measurements. According to the measurements, it was revealed that in the mulched observation areas there was a noticeable decrease in soil temperature during the daytime both on the surface and in the entire arable layer compared to the control one. At night, a layer of cut straw prevented a sharp change in temperatures and contributed to the preservation of heat. The thickness of  the  mulching  layer  determined  the  temperature  values  of  the  arable  layer  during  the  daytime and at night. A layer of mulch on the soil surface contributed to the preservation of soil moisture reserves in the arable soil horizon. With an increase in the size of the mulching layer, there was a tendency for better moisture retention. The use of mulching of the surface layer of the soil with cut straw is advisable in arid regions to reduce the absolute values of the temperatures of the arable layer and reduce the evaporation of soil moisture from its surface, as well as to preserve moisture in the arable horizon of the soil.

The importance of leguminous crops in the overall balance of grain in the country, as well as in the supply of biological nitrogen to the soil, is undeniable. The aim of the research was to study two methods – pre-sowing inoculation and pre-harvest desiccation of crops on the productivity and quality of  the  resulting  soybean  grain.  The  article  presents  observations  and  studies  of  individual  elements in the technology of cultivation of rain-fed chickpeas and irrigated soybeans. The importance of pre-sowing seed  treatment –  inoculation, with  modern preparations  that  can  enhance their  mobilization processes in the soil is considered. In practice, these leguminous crops are cultivated without presowing inoculation. As a result, a certain level of grain yield of these crops is obtained, but their main advantage of leguminous crops in the accumulation of biological nitrogen in the soil does not occur properly. Therefore, as a good precursor for subsequent crops, legumes lose their importance. As an inoculant, the biological preparation GeostimFit G (at a dosage of 5-10 l / t) was used. Foliar fertilizing with biological products and a natural mineral  –  bilator,  helps  to  increase  the  productivity  of  a  legume  plant  and  reduce  its  susceptibility to pathogens. By the end of the growing season, leguminous plants need to apply such a technique as pre-harvest desiccation for the simultaneous ripening of grain. As desiccants, an industrially produced chemical preparation was used – reglon at a dosage of 2 l/ha and a natural mineral mined in the territory of the Volgograd region – bischofite in a 30% concentration, which are applied two weeks in advance before the upcoming harvesting of leguminous crops. It is this use of a chemical substance (reglon) and a natural mineral (bischofite) that makes it possible to achieve simultaneous drying of all tiers of a leguminous plant to be harvested, which undoubtedly increases its productivity and improves the quality of the grain obtained.

Soil moisture capacity is critical for nutrient cycling, agricultural productivity,  erosion  resistance.  Organic  fertilizers  improve  a  wide  range  of  soil  properties,  including soil structure and water retention. Fertilizers can quickly provide plants with the necessary nutrients. In the work, studies were carried out on the effect of zoocompost obtained by growing the Black Lion fly on the moisture capacity and moisture retention of the soil. The zoocompost of the Black soldier fly larva is a finely granulated, loose, non-caking mass of brown color with a predominant particle size of 0.5-3 mm. It was found that the addition of a zoo-compost of a Black Lion fly larva in the amount of 60 t / ha increases the moisture capacity by 43%, and increases the drying time of the soil to the initial humidity by 18 days.

The  object  of  the  research  is  agrocenosis  of  the  Zhambyl  region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The studies were carried out with the purpose of improving the method of  assessment  of  impact  of  solar  energetic  resources  on  the  growth  and  development  of  agricultural crops. The aims of the investigations included: modeling of the production process forming the harvest; forecast of possible yields in different climatic conditions and possibilities of optimization of the formation process of the yield; development of the method of determination of productivity of biomass corn crop depending on the on the value of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The fulfilled studies showed that the proposed method of determination of the biomass of agricultural crops allows obtaining without additional  equipment  local  information  on  the  receiving  solar  energy  as  a  basis  for  photosynthesis. The experimental data of calculation of the corn biomass when growing on silo promoted to the yield of 542-634 c/ha. The dry biomass productivity is in the range of 101.2-154.5 c/ha, which is close to the index of usage PAR – 55-84%.

Despite the success of previous studies, there are still no reliable and accurate methods for determining the ice load on marine hydraulic structures (HS), taking into account the mechanical properties of ice and the characteristics of the ice situation. The object of the field study was the closed Sharapov Shar Bay in the Kara Sea, the ice situation of which is characterized by the presence of a stable land fast ice with a flat ice field. The subject of the study was the ice load in closed bays that have a stable land fast ice throughout the entire period of maximum ice impacts. The conditions of the bay provide viscoplastic  deformation  of  the  ice,  and  a  stable  land  fast  ice  will  deform  around  the  HS  in  a  state of prolonged creep without accumulation of cracks and damage. A method for determining ice loads has been developed, taking into account the features of a stable land fast ice. Ice loads on the HS should be determined on the basis of initial data on the nature of the ice situation in the HS construction area for the period of maximum ice loads. When determining the global load from flat ice on an extended structure with a vertical front wall for the conditions of Sharapov Shar Bay in April, when the maximum load from a stable land fast ice is observed, it is recommended to take the value of the correction factor kv =0.055. The calculated ice load on the HS should be taken as the maximum of all loads for the considered phase  of  the  ice  regime.  Provided  that  the  viscoplastic  deformations  of  ice  are  taken  into  account, the calculated load on the HS is the load when breaking the soldered ice, exceeding the value that occurs during the viscoplastic operation of ice in conditions of stable land fast ice. The practical implementation of  the  proposed  method  is  possible  only  after  the  relevant  methodological  requirements  are  included in  the  current  regulatory  documents.  The  use  of  current  regulatory  requirements  in  determining the calculated ice load does not allow to justify the use of gravity HS for the conditions of the Sharapov Shar Bay. And the proposed approach to the assessment of the ice load, taking into account the peculiarities of the phases of the ice regime and the transients between them, allowed us to justify the possibility of using a gravitational HS.

The research was carried out in order to assess the energy dissipation efficiency of zigzag elements of artificial roughness installed on the spillway face of medium- and low-pressure dams. The flow characteristics were evaluated downstream on a spillway dam model with a free flow entry to the spillway. The  experiments  were  carried  out  in  two  stages.  The  first  stage  was  to  measure  the  flow  parameters in the downstream with a smooth spillway face of the dam. The second stage provided for the placement of zigzag elements of artificial roughness in the form of a double zigzag on the spillway face of the dam. Evaluation  of  the  effectiveness  of  the  artificial  roughness  was  carried  out  by  comparing  the  controlled flow parameters in the same section of the transit section of the spillway from the downstream side with both considered design schemes. It has been established that the device of artificial roughness in the form of a double zigzag on the spillway face of the dam leads to a decrease in the second conjugate flow depth behind the structures and allows creating additional head losses, thereby facilitating measures to dissipate excess flow energy in the downstream. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the artificial roughness was carried out by comparing the controlled flow parameters in the same section of the transit section of the spillway from the downstream side with both considered design schemes. placement of zigzag elements on the water slope.  It  has  been  established  that  the  device  of  artificial  roughness  in  the  form  of  a  double  zigzag on the spillway face of the dam leads to a decrease in the second conjugate flow depth behind the structures and allows creating a It is shown that the installation of a zigzag roughness on the spillway face of medium- and low-pressure dams changes the kinematic characteristics of the outlet flow and significantly reduces the second conjugate depth, which also favorably affects the parameters of the channel erosion behind the structure, reducing them.

Water management problems are among the prior problems in the world. The solution of each of them is determined by hydrological and water management studies, the conclusions of which also serve to determine the main design characteristics that are used for further structural and hydraulic engineering design. The correct solution of the hydrological part of the problem is a prerequisite for further success. The differences between the calculated values of the extreme values of the runoff using the three-parameter gamma distribution and the Pearson type III binomial distribution, which are used in the practice of hydrological calculations of the Russian Federation, were investigated in the work. Considering the still small periods of observations of river flow, the parameters of the distribution of flow values have some errors relative to its true value. The errors of these parameters are affected by the chosen distribution law. As a rule, the asymmetry coefficient is determined with the greatest error. In this paper, an assessment of the statistical error was carried out and the need for correction of corrections in the range P = 95% – 99% was proved, which should be provided for at the next update of regulatory documents, since the error in some cases reaches 47%.

As  part  of  the  development  of  improving  the  methods  of  integrated  monitoring of mudslides, a software shell of the electronic information resource «Mudflow Phenomena Database» (DB) was created. The developed database covers the issues of organizing the accounting of data on mudflow events  based  on  the  materials  of  complex  and  operational  (space,  ground  route,  etc.)  monitoring of mudflow basins, as well as archival data for each of them. The purpose of this database is to provide an up-to-date information basis for assessing the current spatial and temporal changes in monitoring objects of mudflow basins, based on the results of analytical study of the replenished data. The information basis consists of information that allows us to assess the conditions of occurrence of mudflow processes in the region, their type, genesis, volume of the solid component of the mudflow, frequency, intensity, basic morphometric indicators of mudflow basins, etc. The analysis of the materials presented in the database makes it possible to identify the scale, danger, main features and patterns of the spread and development of mudflow activity. The database of mudslides, depending on the structure, content and form of search queries, can be compiled for different hierarchical levels of geographical, territorial and administrative division of the region and mudflow basins. The first part of the article describes the structure of the input information, justifies the choice of parameters to be taken into account.

The purpose of the research is to develop a multidimensional model of conversion coefficients of phytomass fractions for pine forests of the coniferous-deciduous forests of the European part of the Russian Federation. The approved standards are the values of the coefficients averaged over the age groups  of  stands  related  to  different  forest-forming  species  growing  in  the  three  natural  and  climatic zones  of  Russia.  In  contrast  to  the  simplified  approach  to  determining  the  biological  productivity of stands by the values of conversion coefficients averaged in age groups, the most scientifically sound approach  based  on  methods  of  statistical  modeling  of  the  relationship  of  phytomass  fractions  with inventory indicators of stands is shown. The obtained regression models, interconnected with the data of regional tables of the growth course of different authors, made it possible to obtain multidimensional models, and as a result, the most accurate standards for conversion coefficients. The differences between the two methodological approaches are confirmed by the example of pine stands. The results of assessing the accuracy of determining conversion coefficients indicate a significant advantage of an approach that takes into account, along with age, the average height of stands. At the same time, it should be pointed out that the age itself, and even more so the age group, which is the basis of the first approach, is not able to reliably characterize the accuracy of obtaining the values of conversion coefficients (R2 = 0.908) with an error ES = ± 35.4%. As for the influence of the average height of stands on the conversion coefficients, it  is  more  reliable  (R2  =  0.990)  with  an  error  ES  =  ±  11.5%.  The  specified  accuracy  of  the  first  two models is significantly inferior to the combined influence of the predictors indicated in them (R2 = from 0.998 to 0.999) with an error ES = ± 1.76% for trunks, ES = ± 1.34% for roots, ES = ± 2.03% for branches, ES = ± 3.7% for needles, ES = ± 1.19% for bark.

The  purpose  of  the  research  is  to  assess  the  vital  state  of  woody  plants and  study  the  features  of  the  accumulation  and  distribution  of  cadmium  (Cd)  in  the  underground and aboveground organs of the small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) under conditions of pollution of  the  Sterlitamak  industrial  center  and  in  the  conditional  control  zone.  It  was  established  that in  the  impact  zone  of  the  Sterlitamak  industrial  center  the  relative  vitality  of  small-leaved  linden trees  is  «weakened»  (Ln=72.75%),  and  in  the  conditional  control  zone  –  «healthy»  (Ln=88.25%). In  the  contaminated  zone  in  the  upper  soil  layer  of  0-10  cm,  the  saturation  with  absorbing linden  roots  was  32.42  ±  1.52  g/m2,  at  a  depth  of  10-20  cm  –  52.34  ±  2.50  g/m2,  and  at  a  depth of 20-30 cm – 31.30 ± 3.21 g/m2. In the conditional control zone, a similar pattern is noted: in the upper soil layer of 0-10 cm, the saturation with absorbing roots was 55.53 ± 2.52 g/m2, at a depth of 10-20 cm – 69.34 ± 4.62 g/m2. Technogenic Cd accumulates in the upper soil layers of 0-10 (20) cm, which leads to  a  decrease  in  the  proportion  of  absorbing  roots.  The  coefficients  of  biological  absorption  (0.71) and  accumulation  (1.30)  of  Cd  in  linden  roots  under  conditions  of  environmental  pollution  were calculated. It was shown that according to the content of Cd in the organs of linden, the following series is formed (in descending order): roots>branches>leaves. A decrease in Cd entry into the above-ground organs of linden was revealed, which indicates that the root system performs a barrier function in relation to pollutants. Linden plantations successfully grow in conditions of industrial pollution and generally perform environmental stabilizing functions.

On  the  basis  of  scientific  and  departmental  materials,  as  well  as  the  results of  the  authors  own  research,  an  attempt  was  made  to  distribute  various  sections  of  the  forest  fund according to the classes of natural fire hazard (KPPO). It is noted that the current KPPO classification does not fully take into account the regional specifics of potential burning of forests. The latter is explained by the use of various classifications of forest types during forest management work, as well as the absence of certain types of land when compiling in 1963 the scale of natural fire danger by I.S. Melekhov. It has been established that a number of land categories are not taken into account in the current classification of  the  KPPO  and  that  is  why,  the  revised  classification  will  provide  a  more  objective  assessment of  the  potential  fire  hazard  in  the  Sverdlovsk  forest  fund.  The  distribution  of  the  latter  according to KPPO using the proposed classification will improve the efficiency of both measures for the fire-fighting arrangement of the territory of the forest fund and the protection of forests from fires in general.

The  article  describes  the  characteristics  of  the  seed  progeny  of  plus  trees  Pinus sylvestris L. at the age of 37, he was born in the Akmola region of Northern Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to carry out a preliminary selection and genetic assessment of the plus pine trees based on  the  results  of  testing  their  semi-plus  offspring  of  the  first  generation.  The  safety  of  test  cultures is 57.5%. The research covered 73 families of half-sibs, the total sample was 5,553 trees. It was found that in terms of height, more than half of the families (56.2%) had an excess over the control. However, only 28.8% of families were significantly higher than the control, the breeding effect of which was within 6.0%. The average trunk diameter of these families exceeded the control by 3.9%. Of these families, less than a quarter (23.8%) significantly exceeded the control value by 14.9%. As a result, 5 families (1k, 13k, 42, 38, 3k) were classified as the most productive. When assessing the sanitary condition of half-siblings, 2 families (51k and 16k) were classified as weakened, and the remaining families were classified as healthy. When assessing qualitative characteristics, clustering was carried out, with the help of which the studied families were divided into 3 main groups. The weakened families were united into a separate cluster. According to the results of score assessments, the trees of these families had poor trunk quality and weak stability. The second and third clusters are formed from families with high average grades and good condition. However, the families of the third cluster, according to the results of ball scores, are the most stable, differ in greater straightness and dense bifurcation. It was found that according to the results of a comprehensive selection and genetic assessment of the offspring of P. sylvestris plus trees of the first generation, 6.9% of families (1k, 13k, 42, 38, 3k) were classified as promising.

The analysis of the introduction and selection work with garden roses carried out in  the  Stavropol  Botanical  Garden  is  presented.  The  study  of  decorative  and  economic  and  biological features  of  garden  roses  allows  us  to  reveal  the  potential  of  cultivars  for  further  use  in  the  practice of gardening, landscape design and breeding. The task of our research included: the study and selection of garden roses, taking into account adaptability and plasticity in the corresponding agro-climatic zones of Stavropol and the creation on their basis of new domestic cultivars of highly ornamental, with repair, long flowering and resistant to fungal diseases. To achieve this goal, the method of spontaneous somatic mutations and the method of intervarietal hybridization were used. Two cultivars of Yanka and Pearl of the Caucasus, obtained by spontaneous mutagenesis have adapted well, bloom profusely, which indicates the success of the introduction and the prospects for their use. In 2017 patents and copyright certificates were obtained for cultivars resulting from kidney mutations. During intersort hybridization, the cultivars of roses of the floribunda group Erfordia and Lion’s Rose, which are close in origin, differ little morphologically, tie fruits well with free pollination, have high decorative, repair, and resistance to mycoses, were involved in  the  breeding  process.  Both  cultivars  were  included  as  maternal  and  paternal  plants.  The  cultivar Erfordia, taken as a mother plant, when pollinated with pollen of the Lion’s Rose cultivar, tied hybrid fruits by 100%, and when pollinated with the Lion’s Rose cultivaris with pollen of the Erfordia cultivars, the fruits tied only by 60%. 104 hybrid seedlings were obtained from crossing two combinations, from which 7 valuable decorative hybrid seedlings were selected. The selected hybrid seedlings were vegetatively propagated on the rootstock of the dog rose (R. canina L.) and underwent primary cultivar evaluation.