The purpose of the research is to identify bottlenecks and identify areas of both scientific research and practical actions for the technological provision of agriculture with integrated land reclamation. The main achievements of scientists and researchers of the Federal Scientific Centre for Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation named after A.N. Kostyakov, carried out over the past 5 years on the base of state assignment, are presented in the paper. The proposed scientific developments are both fundamental and applied in priority. Comprehensive research is aimed at soil fertility restoration and improvement within existing reclaimed lands, as well as unused areas return into cultivation. Prospect agro-reclamation technologies and techniques to provide degraded soils cultivation are proposed for these purposes, such as nature-approach agrotechnical and reclamation techniques to provide sustainable improvement of soil fertility; agro-phytomeliorative techniques to restore degraded pasture ecosystems and estuarine lands; methods to protect crops from droughts and frosts. Combined low-volume irrigation systems and an intelligent automated water management system (IAWMS “Water Use”) have been developed and implemented, Bioengineered structure for drainage flow and waste water purification and mineralization reducing in the rice irrigation system are suggested. New hybrids of corn and soybeans have been created, as well as technologies for their cultivation.

The purpose of the study: to develop a technology for the utilization of drainage runoff of the drainage system to preserve the agro-resource potential of agricultural land on the example of the Temryuk district of the Krasnodar Territory.

Materials and methods. The assessment of the natural, climatic and hydrogeological features of the study area was carried out according to agrometeorological parameters with access to the moisture coefficient of D.I. Shashko, the geomorphological structure of the relief and the geological structure of the underlying rock. The drainage system structurally contains a 17 km long regulating open network for the collection of surface water and drainage runoff, a 3-stage evaporation pond, in which the processes of mechanical and biological wastewater treatment, utilization by natural evaporation, a pumping station with a spillway into a natural watercourse are sequentially carried out.

Results. The paper considers the main design features of the evaporation pond and the processes of drainage treatment-taking place in it. According to the results of the hydrochemical study of the quality of drainage runoff after treatment, it was found that the water corresponds to quality class II with a pollution index of 0.86 and can be environmentally safely discharged into a natural watercourse.

Conclusion: the evaporation pond designed for the drainage system with stage-by-stage treatment of drainage flow by mechanical and biological methods ensures its environmentally safe disposal by evaporation and discharge into the Kazachy Erik River, contributes to the prevention of flooding and waterlogging of agricultural lands, preservation of their productivity and effective use.

The purpose of the study: to compare the methods of surface and intra-soil drip tape laying, to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of both technologies, to compare the traction resistances that occur during surface and intra-soil drip tape laying. Based on the results of the research, to propose a rational method of laying drip tape, which allows the most rational use of irrigation water and does not require increased energy consumption. Research methods. To compare the surface and intra-soil methods of drip tape laying, the traction resistances that occur during drip tape laying were studied using the above methods. The data of traction resistances arising from both methods of drip tape laying were also obtained in laboratory conditions and compared with the results of theoretical studies. The geometric parameters of the moisture contour in both methods of laying drip tape were investigated, an original technique was developed for this, and the data obtained were also checked in laboratory conditions. Research results. The data obtained allow us to conclude that during intra-soil laying of drip tape, if the laying depth does not exceed 0.1 m, there is no significant increase in traction resistances, compared to surface laying. At the same time, the resulting shape of the irrigation circuit better covers the root space, reducing the zone of surface wetting, and, consequently, losses due to evaporation of irrigation water. Findings. The intra-soil method of laying drip tape can be recommended as the most promising, as it allows you to significantly save irrigation water without leading to an increase in traction resistances with other advantages of subsoil laying: the straight-line arrangement of the drip tape, with minimal deviations from the horizontal, significantly reduces head loss in the tape; The intra-soil location does not allow water to overheat, and, consequently, its detrimental effect on the root system, in the hot season.

The article analyzed the change in the agro-climatic conditions of the Central region of the Non-chernozem zone for the period from 1981 to 2020 and established new boundaries of soybean sowing in the region. Based on the similarity of temperature and humidity conditions during the growing season, the authors identified 3 agro-climatic subzones – northern, central and southern. It was found that the temperature increase in May averaged 3-4°C. At the beginning of the analyzed period, the average monthly temperatures in May were 12.8°C in the northern agro-climatic subzone, 14.0°C in the central and 13.6°C in the southern, then by 2020 these temperature values were 16.8°C, 17.2°C and 18.9°C, respectively. In August, the average monthly temperatures also increased by an average of 2-3°C, which generally has a positive effect on ensuring favorable growing conditions for crops in general, and in particular soybeans. The amounts of active temperatures have also increased. If at the beginning of the analyzed period they averaged 1800-1950°C for the subzones, at present their values are 1900-2200°C. As a result of the analysis of the amounts of precipitation by month, it was found that in May their number increased by an average of 16-18 mm, while in August the value of this indicator decreased by an average of 20-25 mm from year to year. The shift of the northern permissible limit of soybean introduction in the European territory of the country has been established, the most suitable are the southern agroecological subzone, as well as part of the regions of the central subzone. Cultivation of soybeans of the northern ecotype, as well as semi-determinant varieties recommended for more southern regions, is recommended in this territory.

The main purpose of this study was to determine the biological activity of the soil by studying the intensity of decomposition of flax material in the studied experimental variants. It is precisely this use of inoculant, a selected valuable leguminous crop, that significantly increases the biological activity of the microorganisms present in it, characteristic of light chestnut soil. This application helps enrich the soil with peculiar bacteria that enhance nitrogen fixation from the atmosphere and turn it into accessible, easily digestible forms.

Materials and methods. Our observations were carried out from 2022 to 2023 on irrigated light chestnut soil at the experimental station “Irrigated” (Volgograd region, village Water). Two soil moisture regimes were considered, according to which the effectiveness of soybean seed treatment with a complex of bacterial nitrogen-fixing components was evaluated in comparison with the untreated version of the experiment (control).

Results. The obtained results of such observations convincingly prove that pre-sowing treatment of seed material with biological components has a positive effect on the biota ofthe studied soil profile. Data on the biological activity ofthe soil correlate with the yield and quality of the harvested grain, provided that the pre-irrigation moisture threshold is maintained at 80% of the lowest moisture capacity.

Conclusions. Constant moistening of the soil at the level of 80% HB when growing soybeans with pre-sowing inoculation of seeds makes it possible to obtain a grain harvest within two years of research atthe level of 2.85 t/ha with increased grain quality indicators, where the total nitrogen contentis 5.04%; phosphorus – 0.90%; potassium – 2.15%; crude fat – 21.21%, and fiber content is 9.74%.

The purpose of the research was an environmental assessment of the impact of flood sedimentation on the arable alluvial soil of the floodplain during the spring flood of the river Oka. An experiment to study the supply of heavy metals and arsenic along with flood sediments to arable lands in the flooded part of the river floodplain Oka was carried out in 2023 on an area of 20 hectares located 2 km north of the border of Ryazan. The study of sediment load on the experimental site was carried out using sediment traps installed in advance on the soil surface, located at a distance of 0.45 km from each other. During the experiment, the level of the sediment load was established, the content of pollutants in flood sediments was studied in comparison with the underlying soil, the degree of contamination of sediments with heavy metals and arsenic was assessed and the structure of the flow of the studied chemical elements into the agricultural landscape with flood sediments was analyzed. Of the pollutants considered, cadmium is the most concentrated in flood sediments at the stationary observation site, followed by mercury, zinc, nickel, manganese, lead, and arsenic with a significant lag, and copper and chromium are concentrated less actively. The intake of gross forms of heavy metals was: manganese – 8793.4 g/ha; zinc – 1435.28 g/ha; chromium – 539 g/ha; nickel – 523.6 g/ha; copper – 280.28 g/ha; lead – 238.7 g/ha; cadmium – 112.42 g/ha; arsenic – 87.93 g/ha; mercury – 0.65 g/ha. The revealed tendency of contamination with heavy metals and arsenic in the process of sedimentogenes is on the territory of the floodplain agricultural landscape of the river Oka conditions the need to develop comprehensive preventive and rehabilitation measures that include a selective selection of crops that do not accumulate heavy metals, as well as the use of organomineral ameliorants. At the same time, it is recommended to conduct agroecological monitoring of the studied agricultural landscape based on studying the cycles of migration of heavy metals.

The aim ofthe study is to develop a mathematical modelthat can be used in the future to develop a computer program for forecasting the occurrence of peat fires on lands involved in agricultural circulation. A mathematical description of the spontaneous combustion process is given, which occurs according to the following scheme: the heat flow heats the surface to the ignition temperature, resulting in a self-heating zone. As a result, a combustion (smoldering) wave is formed, which is capable of self-propagating. The methodology and laboratory equipment for studying the self-heating of peat samples are presented. The results of experimental and theoretical studies ofthe chemical reaction of self-heating of peat samples are analyzed. The activation energy of peat samples was determined by selecting and substituting values into equations and comparing the obtained results with the calculated ones. The results ofthe study made it possible to estimate a high correlation with experimental data depending on the content oftotal organic carbon in peat soil. Thus, the mathematical model can be used to predictthe occurrence ofthe spontaneous combustion effect.

Purpose of the research. Reduction of energy consumption for works in land reclamation production through the development of mathematical model and methodology, which allow carrying out optimal formation of machinery park.

Materials and methods. The most effective (optimal) units of machinery were selected on the basis of the original methodology developed by means of mathematical modeling using elements of set theory, mathematical analysis and algebra. The application of set theory made it possible to make the transition from real components of the fleet to mathematical subjects for modeling and back. Elements of mathematical analysis made it possible to establish functional dependence between the model elements and graphically represent the algorithm of sequential selection of units of machinery meeting certain requirements. With the help of algebra tools, the model components included in the developed methodology were structured. The formula for calculating the optimality coefficients, which are used to determine the indexes of machinery efficiency, is proposed, which allows selecting the most efficient machinery when forming machine parks for land reclamation production.

Results and discussion. Thanks to the constructed universal mathematical model, an original method was developed, the purpose of which is to increase productivity and reduce energy consumption in land reclamation production by optimizing the formation of a fleet of machines. The novelty of this work consists in the approach to the construction of a mathematical model using elements of set theory, providing versatility of application of the methodology of optimal variant selection developed on its basis. The conducted research has been tested on real data, which allows us to talk about the practical orientation of the presented work.

Conclusions. The mathematical model has been developed and with its use, the original methodology, allowing carrying out optimum formation of a park of machines for ameliorative manufacture with condition of increase of productivity and minimization of power consumption for manufacture of works, has been offered. On the basis of mathematical model calculations and approbation of the methodology in application to practical problems, the developed method of optimization of machine park formation for land reclamation production can be proposed for use in problems of modern realities.

On the internal structures of hydraulic structures of a number of HPPs, water manifestations are noted, that is, the appearance of traces of moisture outside the culvert, which can lead to a change in the operational condition of the structure or damage to expensive equipment. At the same time, the processes that cause such manifestations are extremely diverse. The formation of filtration foci can be due to a gradual change in the condition of block joints; degradation of cement stone due to corrosion or under the influence of loads exceeding the design ones; increase in filtration costs, as well as the features of the construction of structures. As an example of structures that are characterized by water manifestation, itis necessary to cite the Rybinsk and Uglich hydroelectric power plants, for which during the entire period of operation there is a water manifestation near the turbine shafts of hydroelectric units and on the surfaces of the barrels of spiral chambers. In 2019-2021, in order to establish the causes of these phenomena, specialists of the branch of JSC Institute Hydroproject-NIIES conducted a survey of the concrete structures of the Uglich and Rybinsk hydroelectric power plants, during which it was found that the main causes of water in the areas under consideration for each station are largely similar, but not identical.

On the example of the Kursk hydraulic unit of a complex purpose, proposals are given to ensure the accident-free and reliable operation of spillway low-span structures typical for reclamation reservoirs of the agro-industrial complex of Russia. The results of laboratory design of downstream devices at the outlet section of an open three-span spillway are considered. The purpose of the research is to find technical solutions for optimal schemes of the energy damping system that prevent or reduce flow failure due to asymmetrical water discharges during the renovation of the culvert. As a result of the research, a variant of the spreading arrangement was established, which provides a favorable flow spreading at all openings of the spillway spans and safe connection with the downstream without the formation of a flow failure in comparison with the design and existing structural schemes of the culvert section. Behind the spreaders in the zone of maximum pressure deficit, it is recommended to arrange special drainage wells to optimize the parameters of the fastening plates.

Injection flow controllers are culverts installed on the canals of irrigation systems. A distinctive feature of these hydraulic automatics is the absence of movable elements. For the design of structures and assessment of the possibility of installation on the channel of the injection outlet with a specific form of the flow part, flow characteristics are used. Most injection outlets have a nozzle at the end of the transit portion necessary to increase the velocity of the flow entering the downstream pool, i.e. its injection capacity. The end section is equipped with a sudden expansion or diffuser. The material of the study was the data of physical modeling of the operation of the regulator with a flat diffuser in the absence of a nozzle. The positions of the interface between the streams in the mixing chamber were determined using numerical modeling methods. The flow characteristic of the regulator was built and the acceptability of the existing design relationships for determining the injected and injected flow rates of the water outlet was confirmed. Comparison of flow characteristics showed that, all other things being equal, the absence of a nozzle reduces both the injection coefficient and the relative head of the regulator. For the first time, the formation of a hydraulic jump on the cover of a flat diffuser in the intermediate pool was studied. For the first time, design relationships are given that make it possible to associate the conjugate depths in the intermediate pool with the accuracy of control, as well as recommendations are given for changing the geometric parameters of the intermediate pool based on the conditions for accurate injection of the injected flow rate.

The purpose of the research is to substantiate and establish sanitary protection zones for ground water intakes of the Nara field in conditions of changing hydrodynamic and hydrochemical regimes based on quantitative assessments of the protection of the main aquifer from surface potential pollution. The results of the conducted research on the study of the hydrological and hydrogeological conditions of the Nara deposit, located on the territory of the Naro-Fominsk urban district of the Moscow region and which pumps groundwater for urban drinking water supply, are considered. The analysis of the dynamics of the hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical regimes of the main aquifers of the deposit is carried out and the features of their formation are revealed. According to the data of long-term studies, a change in the quality of selected groundwater has been established, in which the natural content of individual components increased in relation to maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) is recorded, associated with the lithological features of water-containing sediments. A quantitative assessment of the protection of groundwater from surface pollution has been carried out. It has been established that the studied intake of the Kashirsky horizon does not have sufficient protection of groundwater from surface pollution. The composition of necessary measures and techniques for various purposes (technical, technological and environmental) that will preserve and ensure the quality of groundwater at the Nara deposit is proposed.

At the design stage of engineering networks, an important issue remains the choice of diameters of the pipeline system with minimal capital investments for transporting the working medium from the source to consumers. The purpose of the study is to determine the diameter of the pipeline, which achieves maximum savings in money for the transportation of heat carrier for specified conditions. Based on the classical laws of hydraulics and heat transfer, a computational equation has been obtained using software calculations, which allows determining the diameter of a heat pipeline with an optimal ratio of monetary costs for electrical and thermal energy. The final formula takes into account such important operational parameters as heat carrier flow, pipeline roughness and local hydraulic resistances, tariffs for thermal and electrical energy, etc. Using the example of the main pipeline section of the district heating system located in the city of Vologda (Russian Federation), a software solution of the equation proposed in the article is obtained. It was found that with a mass flow rate of 32.9 t/h, the optimal diameter of the steel electric-welded pipeline is 76×3 mm. Taking into account the current tariffs for thermal and electric energy, the monetary costs of transporting the heat carrier for the heating period of the year amounted to 4912 rubles per 1 cubic meter of pipeline. For comparison, with a pipeline diameter of 57×3 mm, the unit cash costs turned out to be 7887 rubles, and with 89×3.5 mm – 5524 rubles. For the case considered in the article, the dependence between the optimal diameter of the pipeline and the mass flow rate of the heat carrier is obtained.

The purpose of the research is to determine the working areas of hydraulic diaphragm tanks, including high-capacity ones, regardless of the characteristics of pumping equipment and water consumption, including using a frequency converter. This article presents the test results of the water supply system separately from the tank and together with it at 100% pump speed and at lower frequencies up to 60%. Currently, hydraulic membrane tanks have become an effective analogue of water towers for small farms: private homes, schools, hospitals, etc. They allow you to properly control the operation of pumping equipment, regulating its flow rate and pressure, as well as reducing its wear. However, there is a problem with the correct selection and configuration of the tank, as many water consumers do not know what specific flow rate and pressure they need. Accordingly, the issue of energy efficiency arises – the wrong choice of tank can lead to significant energy costs, and hence to monetary losses. The article presents the test results of membrane tanks when working together without and with a frequency converter, provides formulas for calculating and predicting the areas of operation of such systems that are suitable for any tank and allow calculating the power and energy characteristics of water supply systems with pneumatic tanks and frequency converters.

The issues of the content of metals (Mn, Cd, Pb, Ni) in the soil cover, in the aboveground and underground organs of the hanging birch (Betula pendula Roth) in the conditions of polymetallic pollution of the Sterlitamak industrial center are discussed. It is noted that the high metal content in the soils under birch plantations has a slight effect on the vital condition of trees. In the conditions of the Sterlitamak industrial center (SIC), the vital condition of birch plantations was assessed as “healthy”. Based on the characteristics of the features of metal translocation, it is shown that birch roots are able to absorb a significant amount of metals from the soil. During the transition from roots to branches and leaves, there is a decrease in concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni. Localization of Cd, Pb and Ni is noted mainly in the roots and in smaller quantities in the branches and leaves of birch. According to the “biological absorption coefficient”, Cd, Ni, Pb are elements of the “average capture”. In conditions of pollution, an excess of metals inhibits the intake of Mn in plants. The biogeochemical activity of the absorption of elements in birch varies depending on the habitat conditions: the highest values are typical for birch in the conditional control zone. Birch trees as part of the sanitary protection plantings of the SIC accumulate man-made metals and successfully perform environmental protection functions to limit the spread of industrial pollutants in the environment.

The purpose of the research is to develop technologies for growing black walnut and black oak in the arid conditions of the Volgograd region on light chestnut soils and to study the effect of various types of substrates on their biometric indicators. The article provides information on the technology of growing seedlings of woody species in a nursery in arid conditions of the Volgograd region (Kamyshin): pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and black walnut (Juglans nigra L.). It was revealed that the percentage of non-vegetated lands in the region has increased by 3.4% over the past 20 years, and the amount of forest area has decreased by 0.3%, these data suggest the need to replenish the assortment and number of tree species in various types of plantations. It has been established that artificial regulation of the main environmental factors in the greenhouse makes it possible to accelerate the cultivation of planting material in nurseries. Fluctuations in the growth of oak and walnut seedlings depend on the humidity level and the period of phenophase. Timely pruning of the roots ensures the best growth and development of seedlings. It was revealed that the use of a peat and sand in a ratio of 3:1 using the planting line Mosa green is the best option for growing walnut and oak seedlings. It has been established that from 1 hectare of the school nursery department, petiolate oak and black walnut have an output of 17,000 thousand units at a 3-year growing period with a planting density of 22,000 pcs/ha, and 14,500 thousand units with a planting density of 20,000 pcs/ha at 4 years, and the quality indicators of seedlings fully comply with the standards of planting material tree and shrub species. Proper design of plantings allows for a high yield of seedlings in the school nursery department, and the watering regime can be determined by the biological characteristics of the species. The use of tools and equipment allows you to reduce the cost of manual labor and increase productivity and the number of rotations in the nursery.

The aim of the study is to investigate the possibility of developing a new method and an appropriate technique for detecting seasonal changes in water-saturated and coastal landscape formations. To assess seasonal changes in natural areas, an integral multiplicative criterion is proposed as an alternative to the existing vector criterion used in the technology of processing spectral data “Tasseled Cap”. It is determined that the proposed method, in comparison with the known analogue, provides for the use of an additional extreme feature to confirm the identification of characteristic natural zones when monitoring the Earth’s surface.

Common apricot has valuable fruit, decorative, soil-improving, and ecological properties. Itis advisable to choose varieties that will grow successfully in the northern regions.

The aim of the research was to compare the growth and formation of photosynthetic surface in three-year-old seedlings of common apricot the varieties Academic, Bai, Korolevsky under the conditions of introduction (suburban zone of Krasnoyarsk); to select fast-growing and environmentally efficient specimens within varieties that are characterized by intensive growth, the largest leaf surface. Sowing of stratified seeds was carried out in May 2022 in the Botanical Garden named after Vs.M. Krutovsky. Biometric indicators: height, trunk diameter, number, size, leaf area; photosynthetic surface of leaves on three-year-old seedlings have been identified. It has been established that seedlings have a high level of variability in all indicators. The height and diameter of the stem in individual seedlings of the Korolevsky variety were exceeded by 33.3-71.4%, the length and width of the leaf by 20.0-26.7%, the leaf area by 25.4-57.5%. Specimens with the highest indicators in terms of the number of leaves, leaf blade area and total photosynthetic surface were selected. A high level of variability is observed in height, trunk diameter, and number of leaves. In terms of the number of leaves, their length and area, there is a predominance of the Korolevsky variety. Fast-growing, environmentally efficient specimens have been selected for further vegetative propagation and use in the creation of fast-growing and environmentally efficient plantings.

The purpose of the study is to establish the characteristics of the yew grove identified in the Tamisk district forestry of the Alagir Central Forestry of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. Data on the main characteristics of phytocenoses containing yew berry are presented. The object of study is a unique yew grove in the Alagir forestry of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The main characteristics of the forest stand were established according to standard methods adopted in taxation and forestry. The counting of young generation, undergrowth and living ground cover was carried out on circular survey plots of 10 m2 in accordance with RF patent No. 2084129. For young generation and undergrowth, the composition, total number, height and viability category were established. For living ground cover, an assessment of occurrence and projective cover by species is given. The distribution of trees of each species according to thickness levels is shown. The number of yew trees at the study sites ranges from 92 to 278 pcs/ha. The biometric characteristics of trees of different heights have been determined. The results obtained serve to develop programs for the conservation and restoration of Taxus baccata.