Objective: to study the efficiency of subsurface irrigation on inclined slope models using a horizontal well simulator. To assess the influence of various irrigation parameters, an inclined slope model was developed for experiments, and various irrigation modes were investigated using a horizontal well simulator. Materials and methods. Measurement of the efficiency indicators of the slope angle and the soil moisture level were carried out in laboratory conditions, experiments using a horizontal well simulator; the method of mathematical modeling was used to analyze the moisture processes; statistical methods were used to process the experimental data. This work is based on the analysis of methods and ways of irrigation on inclined surfaces of soil ground. To consider the process of subsurface irrigation, inclined slopes of sand soil were modeled on a laboratory installation of the author’s design, implemented at the Department of Hydraulics and Agricultural Water Supply of the Kuban State Agrarian University. A multifactorial experiment was conducted on a pilot laboratory setup to study the technical feasibility of implementing high-quality irrigation of agricultural crops grown on inclined slopes using horizontal well simulators, equidistantly located down the slope. Results. The data obtained during the laboratory experiment were processed, and based on their analyses, graphs were constructed showing the dependences of water penetration distances on its volumes at angles of inclination to the plane from 10 to 30 degrees. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the results of the experiments, a graph was obtained for the first time, displaying the trajectory of movement of irrigation water during the modeling of subsurface irrigation using a horizontal well simulator, demonstrating the movement of the main water flow, representing the trajectory of a descending curve, originating directly from the horizontal well simulator and ending at its lower boundary.

In the context of climate change, it is necessary to clarify the parameters of melioration systems, which depend, among other things, on the meteorological conditions ofthe territory. The aim ofthe study is to assess the impact of changes in agroclimatic indicators of Sakhalin Island in the context of global warming on the hydromelioration complex. The object ofthe study is Sakhalin Island, located in a moderate monsoon climate. The study used meteorological observation data from two meteorological stations: Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in the southern part of the island and Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky on the west coast. To assess long-term trends in climate change in the Sakhalin Region, a number of indicators were used: average annual air temperature, annual precipitation, the sum of effective temperatures (more than 10°C), and the maximum daily precipitation during the growing season. To assess the impact of climate change on the heat and moisture supply of the territory, the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient was calculated. Over the past 50 years (from 1971 to 2020), there has been a significant increase in the average annual air temperature in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk from an average of 2.2 to 3.7°C (+ 1.5°C), and in Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky – from 0.5 to 1.6°C (+ 1.1°C). The change in the amount of incoming heat is compensated by a slight increase in precipitation, the distribution of which by seasons of the year with maximum daily values must be taken into account when determining the water balance of agricultural landscapes. There is no obvious pattern in the long-term changes in the hydrothermal coefficient for the southern (zone of excess moisture) and western regions (zone of sufficient moisture). In the Sakhalin Region, in the context of a changing climate, it is necessary to introduce a set of organizational and technical measures to adapt the reclamation complex to new conditions, the implementation of which should contribute to increasing the sustainability of agricultural landscapes and the efficiency of agriculture on reclaimed lands.

The article presents the results of experimental studies on the spontaneous combustion ability of peat soils, using the example ofthe Ryazan region during a diesel fuel spill during field work. Refueling agricultural machinery with diesel fuel in the field completely eliminates the use of gas stations, due to the impossibility of its transfer, which takes a significant amount oftime, and as a result, large time and economic costs, so this operation is carried out atthe site of agricultural work. To organize a field refueling point for agricultural machinery, it is necessary to equip a site for the placement and storage of diesel fuel in compliance with fire safety and environmental protection. Diesel fuel contains hydrocarbons with a carbon number of 15 – the boiling point of which is 190-350°C. During the process of refueling agricultural machinery in the field with diesel fuel, spills occur as a result of overfilling storage tanks, tractor, car and combine tanks, leaks in fuel line connections, taps and their damage, which increases the likelihood of fire, especially on peat soils, which have a tendency to spontaneous combustion and self-ignition.

The purpose of the work is to develop the design of the mouth of the drainage system and the fastening of the cross-section of the stream of the first stage of construction of the military-patriotic park of culture and recreation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation “PATRIOT”. The article presents a new design of the mouth structure in the drainage system and the fastening of the cross-section of the stream. The proposed design of the mouth will improve the quality of drainage waters discharged into the intake by reducing the flow rate of water in the gravel deposit, as suspended particles will precipitate. In addition, over time, green algae form on the surface of individual fractions of crushed stone, which, by absorbing substances dissolved in water, purify it. The article proposes a new design for fixing a cross-section of a stream capable of intercepting pressurized groundwater in places where it is wedged out to prevent the leaching of fine earth, which contributes to the formation of sinkholes and the collapse of stream slopes. The uninterrupted operation (2015-2025) of the mouth structure in the drainage system and the fastening of the cross-section of streams proves their good operability and adequacy of the developed technical solutions. It is shown that during the construction of mouth structures in drainage systems and cross-sectional anchorages of watercourses carried out in the 21st century, it is necessary to use the experience of previous generations in the design and operation of mouth structures in drainage systems, as well as cross-sectional anchorages of watercourses, and the use of new more advanced and environmentally beneficial solutions.

The purpose of the research was to increase the water transmission capacity of irrigation and water supply channels by creating a wide-reach two-dump leveler – turf cutter. An analysis of water consumption in the Southern and North Caucasus Federal Districts from irrigation and water supply channels, rivers and underground sources was performed, which showed that more than 40% of water consumption comes from the irrigation systems. The main reasons for the decrease in the water transmission capacity of irrigation and water supply channels and ways to combat them have been established. The most promising method is the mechanical method of cleaning the dana channels. The frequency of cleaning irrigation and water supply channels has been revealed, which makes it possible to reduce the hydraulic resistances of the channel cross-section and increase the water transmission capacity, with a work cycle. The purpose of the research was to increase the water transmission capacity of irrigation and water supply channels by creating a wide-reach two-dump leveler – turf cutter. An analysis of water consumption in the Southern and North Caucasus Federal Districts from irrigation and water supply channels, rivers and underground sources was performed, which showed that more than 40% of water consumption comes from the irrigation systems. The main reasons for the decrease in the water transmission capacity of irrigation and water supply channels and ways to combat them have been established. The most promising method is the mechanical method of cleaning the dana channels. The frequency of cleaning irrigation and water supply channels has been revealed, which makes it possible to reduce the hydraulic resistances of the channel cross-section and increase the water transmission capacity, with a work cycle.

The article highlights the specifics of soybean cultivation technology (Glycine hispida L.). Soybeans in the initial phase of growth and development can tolerate moderate drought, however, by the beginning of flowering and fruit formation, the sensitivity of soybeans to moisture increases significantly. Soybean cultivation by irrigation helps to increase the yield and quality of seeds. When cultivating soybeans, soil tillage is important, which makes it possible to regulate its water-air balance and mechanical properties. The seeding rate is determined for each variety and varies from 500 to 800 thousand plants per hectare. Early varieties are sown at a rate of 700-800 thousand units / ha, medium-ripened – 500-600 thousand units / ha, late-ripening – 400-500 thousand units / ha. When cultivated by irrigation, the seeding rate increases by 25-30%. Irrigation is carried out by frontal, circular, sprinkler machines, drum or double-column installations. This type of drip irrigation machines has a number of advantages, the machines provide a more accurate and uniform distribution of water, have the ability to apply fertilizers evenly and accurately, and have a longer service life. In the conditions ofthe Lower Volga region, the biological ripeness of soybeans occurs in September. For soybeans, it is required to use Flex harvesters with a flexible cutting machine. This type of harvester allows you to achieve a minimum cutting height of 3-6 cm by automatically copying the field relief. Losses for a Flex-type header amount to 2.1-2.4%, while for a conventional one they can reach up to 12-15%. To assess the correct configuration of the grain cleaning complex, the indicator ofthe completeness ofthe separation ofthe soybean grain mass and the loss of full-fledged grain in the waste is monitored.

This paper considers a technical and economic comparison oftwo technologies for lining irrigation channels: the traditional method using concrete slabs and modern alternative – composite materials based on geomembrane and geotextile. As part of the study, the following tasks were performed: calculation of the volume of materials (concrete slabs, geomembrane, geotextiles, anchors); assessment of labor costs and equipment required to perform the work; analysis of logistical costs and the number oftransport trips; comparison of service life and operating costs over 30 years; assessment of the total cost of construction and maintenance of cladding. A comparative analysis was carried out according to the following criteria: the cost of materials and installation, the timing of work, logistical efficiency, operational characteristics and durability of structures. According to the results of the study, composite materials can reduce total costs by more than 3 times, accelerate work by 2.34 times and reduce operating costs by 3.95 times.

Currently, technical solutions based on the use of renewable energy sources, mainly solar and wind, are being widely developed. The main directions of using solar radiation proper are technologies for obtaining thermal energy in water heating installations and (or) electric energy using photovoltaic converters combined into photovoltaic modules. In the wind energy industry, the kinetic energy of air masses in the atmosphere is converted into electrical, mechanical, thermal and other forms of energy. Modern principles of creating aeration systems for natural reservoirs using renewable energy sources are based mainly on traditional energy conversion technologies. For example, solar energy is converted into electrical energy using photovoltaic converters, and kinetic wind energy is converted into mechanical energy, followed by air injection into the distribution network of aerators. The purpose ofthis work is to theoretically substantiate the volume of the storage tank from the conditions for the formation of an optimal oxygen concentration in a reservoir. The article presents the results of theoretical studies that made it possible, based on the equation of state applied to the thermodynamic storage tank system, as well as taking into account the hydrodynamic operating conditions of the device, to obtain a dependence for determining the volume of the storage tank design necessary to eliminate oxygen deficiency in the reservoir water.

The aim of the work is to evaluate the effect of pre-sowing preparation of spring wheat and spring barley crops, through exposure to electromagnetic radiation, on seed quality, growth parameters, development and photosynthetic activity of plants, crop structure and biochemical composition of grain. The article discusses the effects of electromagnetic radiation on the growth, development and photosynthetic activity of spring grain crops – wheat and barley. The treatment of agricultural seeds with low-frequency magnetic and electric pulses, along with traditional pre-sowing operations, is able to activate the growth and quality characteristics of sowing. Laboratory and field germination, indicators of photosynthetic activity, crop structure and biochemical composition of seeds were analyzed. It has been established that electromagnetic radiation has a stimulating effect on the seed material of spring wheat and spring barley and helps to increase field germination. The alleged tendency to accelerate the transition to generative development in spring wheat and spring barley varieties, whose seeds were exposed to electromagnetic radiation before sowing, requires further investigation. Due to the favorable hydrothermal conditions during the period of grain formation and filling, no significant differences were found between varieties and crops in terms of dynamic parameters of growth, development, and photosynthetic activity. The biological yield of the studied grain varieties varied significantly by variants and amounted to 6.1-11.0 t/ha for spring wheat, 2.9-10.3 t/ha for spring barley. The maximum yield was recorded for spring wheat of the Ester variety in the irradiated variant, the minimum for the Radmir variety in the non-irradiated variant, and amounted to 11.0 and 6.1 t/ha, respectively. The highest biological yield of spring barley was in the Magnit variety in both variants, amounting to 8.2-10.3 t/ha, while in other varieties the yield averaged 2.9-3.2 t/ha.

Research conducted in the Moscow region over two growing seasons revealed that potato yield development occurs under different agroclimatic conditions. The first wave of harvest occurs during a period oflong daylight hours at moderate temperatures, accompanied by possible recurrent frosts. The second wave of ripening occurs during a period of shortened daylight hours, when elevated air temperatures and soil moisture deficits are observed. The main objective ofthe study was to determine the potential ofthe domestic Loginom analytical platform for the informed selection of potato varieties optimal for double cultivation, depending on weather factors. Experimental trials were conducted at the Vegetable Experimental Station Educational, Scientific, and Production Center ofthe Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. The experiment was conducted at the Timiryazev Research Institute (Moscow) and atthe Central Experimental Station ofthe All-Russian Research Institute of Agrochemistry (Barybino, Moscow Region) from 2017 to 2023. The trial was conducted using random plot placement, with onions being the preceding crop. The planting density was 47,600 plants per hectare. Sprouted tubers ofthe large fraction were used for the first planting, while medium-sized ones were used for the second. Replanting was carried out in areas vacated after harvesting the first crop. Cultivation practices complied with generally accepted standards. The crop was harvested twice: in mid-July and at the end of September. An information and analytical decision support system was used to select the most productive potato varieties for critical climatic conditions. Based on the forecast results, it was determined that for obtaining an early harvest, it is advisable to use the varieties Zhukovsky ranniy (early), Snegir, Red Scarlet, Riviera and Impala, and for the second cultivation cycle, the varieties Udacha, Red Scarlet and Impala showed the greatest efficiency.

The article presents the results of hydraulic and hydrodynamic studies ofthe expanding stilling section of the lower pool with a set of energy absorbers that provide the necessary energy-absorbing capacity, form a favorable flow regime behind the hydraulic structure and allow to combat flow failure, despite the cavitation conditions and significant pulsation loads in the initial part of the stilling section of the four-span tubular spillway. Optimization of the design elements of the outlet head will allow, when implementing the modernized preliminary design after the decision is made to resume construction of the Nizhne-Kafirnigansky hydraulic structure, to ensure reliable operation of its lower pool regardless of either the cavitation stage or changes in the spectra and magnitude of pressure pulsation at individual points and local sections of the stilling section, and to stabilize the flow in the outlet channel.

The most important structures of powerful hydroelectric power plants are pressure water conduits, which are usually more than 3 m in diameter. The steel-reinforced concrete structure of pressure water conduits has been widely used in the practice of domestic hydraulic engineering. One ofthe most important design features of steel-reinforced concrete pressure water conduits is the so-called compensation sections, which are installed in the areas where the water conduits pass from one structure to another using a “soft” low-modulus gasket. Current regulatory documents do not pay much attention to compensation sections. There is a need to develop a methodology for calculating pressure water pipelines made of steel-reinforced concrete, as well as their reinforcement patterns, including compensatory sections.

The sources of anthropogenic pollution of the Kazanka River in the Republic of Tatarstan are analyzed. It is established that diffuse runoff is formed in the catchment area during high water and summer floods due to surface waters and soil erosion. The largest contribution to water pollution is made by agricultural land, in particular, arable land, which makes up more than 70% ofthe catchment area, agricultural enterprises, including livestock farms, as well as land reclamation facilities. It has been revealed that the main polluting elements in river water are nitrogen, phosphorous compounds, BPK5, CPK, etc. It has been established that the content of nitrite nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and phosphate ions in the closing section ofthe Kazanka River in the long-term average exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations (MPК). Scientific and methodological substantiation has been carried out and preventive measures aimed at reducing the negative impact of diffuse pollution sources on the water quality ofthe Kazanka River and its tributaries have been proposed. The complex of measures to reduce pollutionof water bodies includes organizational and economic, agrotechnical, agro-reclamation, agroforestry and agricultural reclamation measures, hydrotechnical and biological methods of purification.

In this article, the object of research is the lithodynamic processes in the coastal zone ofthe sea. The problem of assessing sediment transport under the influence of storm waves is considered in order to select a method of engineering protection. The section between the Kuapse and Svirskaya rivers ofthe Lazarevsky district of Sochi, along which the railway line runs, is considered. Mathematical modeling of sediment flow capacity in the coastal zone was performed for this site. The research was carried out using mathematical modeling. Mathematical modeling was performed based on digital terrain models using the methods used by the authors as the basis for regulatory methods for calculating the lithodynamic characteristics ofthe marine coastal zone in SP 277.125800.2016. The results of calculations ofthe transport capacity of the water flow (capacity) of the alongshore sediment flow in the average annual section of the study area are presented. The results of modeling the transport of sediment in storms with a 2% probability are also presented. During the modeling process, the situation was studied when the full-profile wave-absorbing strip was filled with material with an average grain size of 70 mm.

The aim ofthis study is to investigate the filtration properties of bulk sorbent materials to assess their potential applications in hot climate conditions. An analysis was conducted on the pollution issues of the Barada River caused by petroleum residues, which originate from industrial zones, waste dumps along the riverbanks, and the consequences of oil extraction. Data on the use of sorbents in Russia and Syria for reducing river pollution have been collected and summarized. The study identifies challenges associated with the use of sorbents for mitigating pollution in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. The primary issues include changes in filtration capacity under high-temperature conditions and the reduced service life of sorbents when used in engineering structures. An experimental plan was developed to study the filtration properties of bulk sorbents at various temperatures characteristic of warm and hot climates. A comparative analysis of the properties of different bulk sorbents was performed, leading to the selection of a sorbent for further research. Statistical processing of laboratory experiment results was conducted, and a recommended temperature range for the effective use of the investigated sorbent was determined.

The purpose of the research is to conduct a comparative analysis of the energy efficiency and economic feasibility of using membrane and non-membrane pneumatic tanks. The paper presents calculations and graphs comparing both tank designs, as well as calculations of energy efficiency with and without a membrane. Modern autonomous and centralized water supply systems have increasingly stringent requirements for reliability and energy efficiency. One of the most common ways to smooth out hydraulic fluctuations, reduce the number of pump starts, and provide an emergency water reserve is by using hydraulic accumulators (pneumatic tanks). These tanks allow for the accumulation of compressed air energy and its use to maintain system pressure during changing loads. The total energy losses are compared when a membrane is present, including its replacement, and when it is absent, allowing air to directly contact and dissolve in water, resulting in the need for air to be pumped to maintain pressure and additional energy consumption for the compressor. The purpose ofthe research is to conduct a comparative analysis ofthe energy efficiency and economic feasibility of using diaphragm and non-diaphragm pneumatic tanks. The paper presents calculations and graphs comparing both tank designs, as well as calculations of energy efficiency with and without a diaphragm.

The purpose of the work is to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the decorative value of shrubs of the genus Spiraea L., growing in the collection stands of the arboretum and arboretum of Kazniilkha (northern part of Kazakhstan). Based on research performed in the arboretum and Arboretum ofthe Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry (KazNIILHA) Fifteen species and varieties of plants of the genus Spiraea (Spiraea L.) have been found to be decorative and promising for use in landscaping settlements in Northern Kazakhstan. The age of the plants studied ranged from 10 to 30 years. Im the course of the study a point system of species and varieties was made according 10 characteristics: crow architecture: feowering duration; abundance of flowering; size of flowers; aroma of flowers; fruits, leaves; correctness of the appearance of fructs; autumn color of leaves; duration of defoliation, damagability; winter hardness. It has been established that all species and varieties of spirea are characterized by a high degree of decorativeness and stability. Despite of the tough forest growing conditions explained by the lack of precipitation, cold winters, late spring and early autumn frosts, the total score in the assessment varies from 32 to 39. The best indicators of decorativeness and stability are characterzed by varicties of Lapanese S., Japonica «Goldflame», », S. japonica «Magus carpet», S. japonica «Macrophylla». All the varieties lested scored 39 points. The front view of S. douglasii Hook has the lowest score, but even this view scores 32 points, which allows it to be classified as highly decorative. In general it can be stated that for north Kazakhstan a promising to use of all 15 species and varicties of spirea. Their use in landscaping will improve the decorativeness stability and recreational attractiveness of landscaping objects. However, given the importance of the problem, research on the viability of species and varieties of the genus Spiraea L. It should be continued.

This paper attempts to consider the peculiarities of recreational arrangement of forest areas in the urban environment (case study of Voronezh city). To achieve the goal, the following tasks were consistently solved: assessment of recreational attractiveness, calculation of ecological recreational capacity of forest areas, allocation of functional zones and development of landscape-architectural solutions for each zone. The object ofthe study is the areas of Semiluky Forestry (Podgorenskoye District Forestry), which are part ofthe forest and park green belt ofthe city of Voronezh. The area oftheForestry is 376.4 ha. In the course of the research were identified areas in different types of forest conditions, where the landscape-ecological assessment and recreational assessment was carried out, which resulted in the allocation of functional zones, taking into account the indicators of maximum permissible and actual value of recreational capacity ofthe territory. The recommended functional zones and their specific share in the overall balance of the territory are: ecological core zone (40-50%), active recreation zone (0-5%), recovery zone (20-30%) and walking zone (20-30%). Sustainable development of the forest park green belt of the city of Voronezh is possible only taking into account the recreational potential of existing green zones, which should be based on detailed descriptions ofthe most popular forested areas from the point of view of recreation, as well as an assessment of their sustainability and the creation of the necessary recreational infrastructure.

The study analyzes the state of natural landscapes on the territory ofthe Nagatinskaya floodplain in Moscow after the construction of the Island of Dreams entertainment complex. The area previously performed important natural functions, including supporting biodiversity, regulating the microclimate, and improving the quality of the air environment. The construction of the facility has led to significant changes in the natural floodplain system, which required its assessment. The work uses: the field research method, the analysis ofthe published literature, a comparative approach, a survey of local residents, which allowed us to analyze the level of anthropogenic impact and determine the current state of vegetation, flora and fauna. The data obtained make it possible to identify the main natural changes that have occurred as a result ofthe urbanized transformation ofthe territory. The results ofthe study can be used to develop measures to reduce the negative impact on the natural environment and preserve the systemic functions of the floodplain in urban conditions.