The effective development of agriculture in a zone of insufficient moisture is determined by the reliable functioning of the irrigation system, the environmentally favorable state of irrigated lands, the availability of the necessary water resources for irrigation, and the use of sound farming systems. Systematic management of factors ensuring the agricultural land productivity is a complex expert – methodological and technological process. Optimization of the process is possible through the use of digital technologies, in particular, the geoinformation web-based decision support system being developed. The purpose of the work was to substantiate the conceptual provisions of the development and operation of a geoinformation system with a web-platform implementation. The system is designed to collect, store, analyze and provide information necessary for integrated management, narrowing the search area for a rational solution based on the provided results of system research, to increase the validity of decisions made. The methodological basis of the geographic information web system was the results of many years of research in the field of information and analytical substantiation of ecosystem water use in agriculture, information and digital technologies, statistical methods, mathematical modeling. The principles of forming an expert web system necessary for jointly solving environmental, technical and operational problems of ensuring the sustainable development of the land reclamation and water management complex and agriculture on irrigated lands have been developed. The principles of its operation have also been defined, providing user-friendly and reliable tools based on web and geoinformation technologies. The expert geoinformation web-based system has a modular structure and includes measurement and diagnostic, modeling, analytical, and service blocks. Special software has been developed: «Geoinformation web-based decision support system for the integrated management of the reclamation and water management complex of the Republic of Kalmykia».

The purpose of the study was to assess the phytotoxic effect of petroleum products on the germination of oats (Avena sativa L.) for further selection of ameliorants to increase the germination of agricultural crops and reduce the concentrations of pollutants. The research was carried out in the Perm Territory, on the territory confined to the catchment area of the Kama River. Phytotoxicity of oil-contaminated soil was assessed by seed germination, germination energy, growth and development of roots and shoots. Seed germination was estimated on day 7 as the percentage of germinated seeds out of the total number sown. Analyses on the agrochemical composition of soils and the content of trace elements in soil moisture were carried out every week for a month in 5 agility. The results showed that the soil contains a significant amount of mobile phosphorus and a negligible amount of nitrate nitrogen. Studies to identify the number of dead oat cells lasted up to 15 days. A significant deviation from the control was observed at the concentration of petroleum products more than 500 mg/kg, while the number of dead oat cells was more than 30%.

The material and technical base of the reclamation complex is the basis for ensuring any production process and has its own specifics. Nevertheless, at present her condition is generally unsatisfactory. The hindering factors in the development of the reclamation complex are the lack of innovation management mechanisms, the imperfection of the incentive system for high-tech technologies and demand for innovative products, etc. It is necessary to switch to an innovative technical and technological structure, create a number of organizational structures and mechanisms for managing and controlling innovations, a system for stimulating high-tech technologies and a favorable environment for scaling and spreading innovations. The institutional instruments for implementing innovation policy and providing information support are agrotechnoparks, technology transfer centers, business incubators, and agricultural consulting services. The purpose of the research is to develop methodological recommendations for the development of the material and technical base of the reclamation complex based on an innovative approach. The article highlights the patterns and principles of improving the material and technical base of the reclamation complex. The structure and principles of improving the material and technical base of the reclamation complex are given. The tools for ensuring modernization, replenishment and renewal of the material and technical base of the reclamation complex are described. The factors of formation and development of the material and technical base are considered. An algorithm for planning modernization, renewal and replacement of the material and technical base and criteria for evaluation effectiveness are proposed.

The article discusses the main stages of soybean cultivation using irrigation in the arid conditions of the Left Bank of the Saratov region. The purpose of the work is to analyze the technology of soybean cultivation under irrigation in the arid conditions of the Saratov region, to establish optimal irrigation periods and norms. A brief technological scheme is presented, including soil preparation, sowing, irrigation, harvesting and post-harvest refinement of soybeans. In the conditions of the Left Bank of the Saratov region, it is necessary to cultivate soybeans for seed purposes using zoned varieties, strictly in accordance with agro technology and irrigation. Compliance with agro technological techniques allows you to obtain stable soybean yields with minimal application of herbicides and rational use of irrigation water. Depending on the conditions of moisture availability of the growing season, from 3 to 5 watering is carried out with a rate of 450‑600 m³ / ha. Watering is usually carried out from mid-June to mid-August. If dry conditions form after germination, the first watering is carried out even earlier – in the phases of formation of 2‑3 nodes on the plant. Critical phases of developmentfor soybeans in terms of sensitivity to lack of moisture are the phases of flowering – bean formation – seed filling, this period lasts the duration of which is 1.5‑2 months. During that period, the soil moisture in the 0.5‑0.7 m layer should be at least 60‑65% the lowest moisture capacity (LC) on light soils, 70% LC on medium and 75‑80% LC on heavy soils. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the depth of groundwater in order to avoid their contact with irrigation water. The total water demand, taking into account the coefficient of water use (CWU) and the efficiency of irrigated areas, is 296‑518 thousand for soybean irrigation m3 per irrigation period, depending on the conditions of moisture availability during the growing season. At the same time, the last watering carried out in the conditions of the Saratov Left Bank in August should be carried out strictly taking into account the predicted weather conditions.

Irrigation is important when growing planting material in fruit and berry nurseries, which are located in areas of insufficient or unstable moisture, as well as in the central part of the non-chernozem zone of Russia due to the uneven distribution of precipitation during the season. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need for irrigation reclamation of seedlings of fruit and berry crops in the central Non-black earth region using agrometeorological data. Research on the development of drip irrigation technology for seedlings of fruit and berry crops was carried out in the Michurinsky garden of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The study uses observational data (air temperature, precipitation, relative air humidity) obtained at the Mikhelson Meteorological Observatory, for 2018‑2023. To assess the provision of heat and moisture to individual periods of the growing season, the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient was calculated. A and Shashko moisture coefficient. As a result of the analysis of agrometeorological data, the need for irrigation in the conditions of the central non-chernozem zone of Russia was proven. The number of days with productive precipitation of more than 5 mm is 39% of the total number of days on which precipitation fell, and its distribution during the growing season is uneven, which may coincide with hot periods when plants are characterized by increased water consumption.

Retaining walls made of reinforced concrete are widely used in hydraulic engineering and transport construction. Since their rear faces are covered with ground filling, it seems difficult to control the stressed state of the rear working fittings, which in some cases led to deviations in the work of structures from the project. In this article, corner type retaining walls are considered. The purpose of the work was to develop and test an engineering technique for determining the stress state in horizontal sections of retaining walls made of reinforced concrete. In the framework of this work, studies were conducted on the structures of reinforced concrete retaining walls that interact with the soils of the base and backfill. At the same time, using the provisions of structural mechanics and the theory of reinforced concrete, an engineering technique was developed that allows calculating the stress state of reinforced concrete retaining walls along horizontal sections. To test the proposed calculation methodology, the in-situ data of instrumental surveys of the operated lower retaining walls of the PSPP water intake (pumped storage power plant) were used on the basis of the «reinforcement unloading» method in relation to the facing structural reinforcement of the walls. The developed method was practically implemented to assess the effective tensile stresses in the rear working reinforcement, as well as the compressive stresses in the concrete of retaining walls.

The results of complex field and computational studies of the strength and stability of the stone-fill dam of the Boguchanskaya HPP are presented. The purpose of the work is a comprehensive assessment of the state of the stone-fill dam of the Boguchanskaya HPP, including forecasting its condition. An analysis of the data of field observations was carried out, which showed a number of differences from the design prerequisites. Analysis of the data on precipitation and horizontal displacements of the marks installed on the berms of the lower thrust prism of the SFD of the Boguchanskaya HPP showed that they are not extinguished. On the basis of the developed and calibrated spatial permanent finite element model, comprehensive computational studies of the stress-strain state of the stone-fill dam of the Boguchanskaya HPP were carried out (including the sections in which the highest precipitation and horizontal displacements of the marks installed on the berms of the lower thrust prism of the stone-fill dam were recorded), taking into account the data of field observations, including deviations from the project. Calculations showed that with the actual profile of the stone-fill dam of the Boguchanskaya HPP, slightly less than in the project, the value of the stability factor of the lower slope was 1.32‑1.33, which exceeds the standard value of 1.25. At the stage of forecasting the state of the stone-fill dam of the Boguchanskaya HPP for the period up to 2040, the estimated value of the stability factor of the lower slope may be 1.25, which is equal to standard value (i.e. the margin is minimal). At present, the stability of the lower slope of the stone-fill dam is ensured, despite the deviations of the actual dimensions of the profile of the stone-fill dam from the design values. With further growth of sediment, as well as horizontal displacements of marks installed on the berms of the lower thrust prism, the stability of the lower slope of the stone-fill dam may change.

The purpose of the work is to determine, in laboratory conditions, the magnitude and laws of distribution of bottom wave flow velocities, at which various stages of particle movement and riffle formation occur in the area of beach slopes of water bodies of the agro-industrial complex. The results of studies of velocities characterizing the regimes of sediment movement in a wave flow acting on loose slopes and bottom areas of the shallow zone of reservoirs and streams are presented. The influence of artificial flow turbulization on characteristic flow speeds, including wave speed on the parameters of bottom riffles, is considered. An analysis of the influence of artificial turbulization on the speed of sediment movement is given and recommendations are given for determining the non-erosive speed of the wave flow in its absence. A dependence is presented for determining the height of the riffles. It has been established that the velocities on the riffle crest increase by no more than 1.7 times compared to the speed on the flat bottom of the near-shore zone of a large water body.

In the article, the authors for the first time proposed combined anchor structures that can work effectively as wire anchors working on a pulling load, as well as pile anchors working on a pressing force. Such structures can be effectively used as anti-landslide structures, support and anchor foundations, which are also patented by the authors and their designs are given in the article. In practice, such structures are necessary as foundations, for poles of power lines, high towers exposed to high wind loads and other structures. The support can work both on a pressing load and on pulling out, depending on the specific conditions. The research methodology is described and the results of experimental studies are presented. During the research, the following factors were taken as the main factors: the diameter of the pile and the conical tip, the length of the pile part of the combined anchor, the distance from the end of the pile to the conical tip. The pulling force was adopted as an optimization parameter.

The assessment of changes in the elements of the water balance of the Volga River basin in the formation zone near Volgograd for the entire period of the twentieth century and at the beginning of the first half of the XXI century is considered. The conducted retrospective conjugate analysis of the EWB of the Volga River basin is based on the use of sufficiently long hydro meteorological arrays of initial observation data covering the period 1891/1892‑2020/2021. Two time series of annual and seasonal values of atmospheric precipitation, river runoff, total evaporation of land, changes in basin moisture reserves and changes in surface air temperature of the cold and warm periods and the year as a whole are organized. It was established that until 1935, in the long-term course of the runoff of the Volga River basin, natural factors were of decisive importance, i.e. the nature of the humidificationof the territory, the regime of total evaporation from its surface and the change in moisture reserves in the soil-soils. Since 1935, the water content of the river has changed. Human economic activity began to have a significant impact on the Volga, especially the operating modes of the Volga-Kama cascade of waterworks. However, anthropogenic influences do not affect the formation of lateral tributaries, which are controlled by 11 reservoirs of the Volga-Kama cascade. Therefore, for a retrospective conjugate analysis of the EWB of the Volga River basin, two conditionally natural time series of different durations were used.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the ratio of the volume of surface runoff, the hydro potential of the foothill landscape and the total amount of precipitation. A critical analysis was carried out using a well-known method for determining the quantitative assessment of surface runoff at given values of total precipitation and hydrological potential of the terrain of the landscape. The purpose of this work is to identify the ambiguity of the results obtained using a well-known technique and to develop a graph-analytical method for calculating the main indicators of the hydro regime of the foothill landscape. Research methods. The well-known CN curve method used to calculate surface runoff in foothill basins of landscapes is used as a base method. The results obtained. A graph-analytical method has been developed to calculate the required amount of precipitation for given values of hydrological retention indicators. Conclusions. The proposed method can be used in hydrological calculations in order to predict the expected surface runoff of areas of the foothill landscape.

As part of the development of improving methods for integrated monitoring of dangerous riverbed and slope processes, the authors worked out options for using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and specialized software in order to improve the quality of materials for field surveys of mudslide sites. The reliability of the quantitative determination of the parameters of mudflows is an urgent problem in assessing the spatial and temporal changes in the parameters of mudflow channels. The purpose of this work is to quantify the dynamics of changes in the landscape of residential areas exposed to negative impacts by determining the quantitative values of morphometric parameters of the mudflow channel and the adjacent territory before and after the passage of the mudflow. In particular, the volumes of soil carried away by the flow, as well as the volume of sediments in different sections of the mudflow transit, were determined. By comparative analysis of the results of software processing of materials from the removal of problem areas of the mudflow channel by a quadcopter, the values of the volumes of carried away soil (4376 m³, at the site of destruction by the flow of the highway) and mudflow deposits (above – 4623 m³, and below – 1788 m³ of the highway bridge) were obtained. Such an information base is indispensable in solving the problems of ensuring the safety of settlements and economic facilities from the negative impact of mudflows.

The development of methods for the primary diagnosis of pumping units remains an urgent task due to the low cost of assessing the condition of the equipment. The purpose of the study is to analyze the results of post-repair control of the mechanical and electrical parts of hydraulic units using thermograms. During the study, a test pumping unit with controlled defects of the impeller, coupling, bearing and sealing elements was used. The minimum requirements for diagnostic equipment were evaluated. The data was analyzed both in the presence of defects and after their elimination. The article presents the results of the analysis of thermograms of bearing assemblies of centrifugal pumps and drive electric motors. It is indicated that for an effective analysis of equipment, the minimum resolution of thermal imaging equipment should be no more than 0.1 degrees, which makes it possible to effectively analyze the post-repair conditions of the mechanical part.

The article presents the results of a study of the species composition, structure, health condition, and stages of development of the plantings in the garden square near CEC «Uralets»,Yekaterinburg – alley of the Palace of Sports in Yekaterinburg. This study shows that more than 56% of woody plants were Acer negundo L. and Populus balsamifera L. There were plantings in lines (20% of the area) consisting of trees of Populus and Malus genus, plantings in arrays (about 25% of the area) of Populus balsamifera L. and Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Other species were planted in groups (55% of the area). The health condition of the plantings was assessed as 2.9 (very poor). The most durable species Larix sibirica Ledeb., Quercus robur L., and Tilia cordata Mill. Had the best average scores. Less durable species Prunus maackii Rupr., Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim., Malus baccata L., and Populus balsamifera L. were dying off. Planting density in mowed areas corresponded to the recommended norms, while this indicator was exceeded by an average of 25% in areas without care due to the invasion of Acer negundo L. Three stages were distinguished in the formation process of the garden square near CEC Uralets: 1) individual plots were created and natural plantations were integrated; 2) performed complete transformation of the landscape in the central part, planted ornamental plants and created a single space of the garden square; 3) decorative plantings were added to the garden square. During the reconstruction of the garden square that combines plantings of various origins and functions, step-by-step reconstruction is the most favorable – starting with less durable dying species and preserving Larix sibirica Ledeb., Quercus robur L., Tilia cordata Mill., and Betula pendula Roth.

The article presents the results of an environmental survey conducted in the development area of the Taseyev gold deposit of the Baleysky district of the Trans-Baikal Territory. Environmental monitoring was carried out on the most vulnerable component of the natural environment in order to ensure the environmental safety of the facility during the implementation of the construction of a heap leaching complex on the basis of the technogenic waste deposit «Baleyskoy ZIF‑1» of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The current state of the vegetation cover was studied. An analysis of the flora of the technogenically disturbed territory of the Taseevskoye field was carried out. As part of the local monitoring of the gold deposit and its environs, 4 types of plant complexes were identified – forest, meadow-steppe, near-river and synanthropic. According to the results of the study, a satisfactory state of plant communities was revealed. A quantitative indicator of diversity has been established, which is more than 80 species within the boundaries of the allotment. Species listed in the Red Book of the Trans-Baikal Territory, growing in the background areas of this field, are noted. A change in the natural vegetation cover on the area of the technogenically disturbed landscape was recorded as a result of industrial work – the movement of soil masses, dumping and excavation. The territory is covered by a chaotic network of country roads that disturb the soil and soil cover. Along the roads gully erosion is developed. There is a negative impact and a decrease in the recreational ecosystem services of the Baleisky district due to the production activities of gold mining enterprises (insufficient formation of a comfortable environment for the population). The presence of synanthropic communities in the anthropogenically disturbed area with traces of household waste dumps, sewage disposal, changes in the microrelief during industrial development on the river is traced Unda. In general, despite the adverse factors affecting the vegetation, plants adapt to stressful situations, all disturbed areas are capable of self-healing.

The paper discusses the relevance and importance of studying landscape management in order to increase the conservation of biodiversity and the environmentally sustainable use of natural resources. The necessity of developing modern methods of monitoring the natural environment by means of landscape indication is shown. The purpose of the research is to develop the methodological foundations of landscape indication, to identify its types and levels. As a result of the research carried out, the subject, nomological and model types of landscape indication were determined and characterized. On the basis of system analysis, the following levels of landscape indication have been identified: evaluative, predictive, resulting, and integration. It is shown that landscape indication can act as a basic method for assessing a natural area according to the degree of favorable conditions for various economic activities. To solve the entire spectrum of tasks of the sectoral development of the national economy in landscape-indicative studies, it is necessary to be guided by the principles of integrity, complexity and consistency.

The article establishes the regularities of growth and development of tree-like willows growing in the city park of the city of Volsk under the influence of various water sources. The research methodology was based on the relevant GOST standards, recommendations of scientific institutions and scientific research. The variance analysis of the annual increments of 12 Salix species allowed us to establish patterns depending on the moisture content of the growing seasons of 2018, 2019 and 2022. It is determined that under natural conditions of humidification, the values of the willow branches’ increments in length depend on weather conditions, the lower the hydrothermal coefficient, the smaller the increments. Pond, stream, ground water available for roots increase the increments of Salix species up to 78.7%. The variance analysis of two-factor experience has established significant differences in both factors and their interaction. Regression and correlation analysis revealed that annual increases by 83% depend on weather conditions and the type of water source. It was revealed that the best tree-like willows growing on the territory of the park of culture and recreation in the city of Volsk arethe following species: Salix babylonica var.tortuosa x alba var.recticapus (S. X ‘Sverdlovskaja Isvilistaja 2’ V. Schaburov et I. Beljaeva), Salix schwerinii x dasyclados (S. X ‘Rekord’ V. Schaburov et I. Beljaeva), Salix hybrida «Schater 1», Salix matsudana Koidz., S. schwerini x (schwerinii x udensis) (S. x ‘Schwerina Ulutschennaja’ V. Schaburov et I. Beljaeva).

The purpose of the study is to study the features of generative development of introduced pine species based on the material of the arboretum of the Mountain Taiga Station. The results of studying the morphology and quality of pollen and seeds of pine species under the conditions of the introduction of Primorsky Krai are presented. Pollen and seed viability indicators are the most important characteristics of the development of male generative structures. This, in turn, determines the degree of adaptation of the species to external conditions during introduction. Morphometric indicators of pollen (length and height of the body and air sacs) were determined on micro preparations, and the number of abnormal pollen grains was counted. Pollen viability was determined by germinating it in a 15% sucrose solution in a thermostat at a temperature of 25 ºС using the «hanging drop» method. Under the conditions of introduction, a direct correlation was found between the number of germinated pollen grains and the intensity of growth of pollen tubes. Germination and seed germination energy were determined according to GOST 13056.6‑75. Germination was carried out in Petri dishes on filter paperi n a thermostat at a constant temperature of +24°C. A direct relationship was found between the number of germinated pollen grains and the rate of growth of pollen tubes. Among the studied pine species, P. banksiana, P. hamata, and especially P. sylvestris, have a sufficiently large potential for a favorable completion of the embryonic stage in the generative process. The same species have the best indicators of germination and seed germination energy. The degree of viability of pollen has a direct impact on the formation of full-grained seeds.

The purpose of the research is to develop optimal technological parameters for the formation and methods of seasonal exploitation of phyto tea plantations of Virgin persimmon for the purpose of phyto meliorative development of low-productive sandy lands of the region. At the end of the last century, under the conditions of increasing climate change in the Eastern Caucasus, at the experimental site for the introduction of woody flora, the Achikulak NILOS VNIALMI, work began on the adaptation in the temperate zone of the region of a number of economically valuable subtropical crops, including the Virginian persimmon (Diospiros virginiana. L) for the purpose of phyto meliorative development of low-yielding sandy lands in the most thermally secure part of the territory, on the sands of the Tersko-Kuma interfluve. The potential of its naturalization is manifested not only by high tolerance to the environment (heat resistance, drought resistance, frost resistance), but also by significant nutritional value, along with fruits and leaves of a woody plant, with a hgih content of bioactive substances (vitamins, organic acids, minerals, etc.), which determines the possibility and prospect of developing a subtropical perennial in a phyto tea culture cultivation of caffeine-free raw materials of medicinal leaf drink. The work was completed in 2012‑2020 to develop effective methods for the formation, operation of persimmon tizan plantations and utilization of its leaf mass into valuable organic products for food and medicinal purposes.